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"Mac Laughlin, Jim"
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Reimagining the Nation-State
This book assesses competing modes of nation-building and nationalism through a critical reappraisal of the works of key theorists such as Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm. Exploring the processes of nation building from a variety of ethnic and social class contexts, it focuses on the contested terrain within which nationalist ideologies are often rooted.
Mac Laughlin offers a theoretical and empirical analysis of nation building, taking as a case study the historical connections between Ireland and Great Britain in the clash between 'big nation' historic British nationalism on the one hand, and minority Irish nationalism on the other. Locating the origins of the historic nation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Mac Laughlin emphasises the difficulties, and specificity, of minority nationalism in the nineteenth century.
In so doing he calls for a place-centred approach which recognises the symbolic and socio-economic significance of territory to the different scales of nation-building. Exploring the evolution of Irish Nationalism, Reimaging the Nation State also shows how minority nations can challenge the hegemony of dominant states and threaten the territorial integrity of historic nations.
eBook
Reimagining the Nation-State
This book assesses competing modes of nation-building and nationalism through a critical reappraisal of the works of key theorists such as Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm. Exploring the processes of nation building from a variety of ethnic and social class contexts, it focuses on the contested terrains within which nationalist ideologies are often rooted. Mac Laughlin offers a theoretical and empirical analysis of nation building, taking as a case study the historical connections between Ireland and Great Britain in the clash between 'big nation' historic British nationalism on the one hand, and minority Irish nationalism on the other. Locating the origins of the historic nation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Mac Laughlin emphasises the difficulties, and specifities, of minority nationalisms in the nineteenth century. In so doing he calls for a place-centred approach which recognises the symbolic and socio-economic significance of territory to the different scales of nation-building. Exploring the evolution of Irish Nationalism, Reimaging the Nation State also shows how minority nations can challenge the hegemony of dominant states and threaten the territorial integrity of historic nations.
eBook
NATION-BUILDING, SOCIAL CLOSURE AND ANTI-TRAVELLER RACISM IN IRELAND
This paper examines relations between ‘tinkers’, or ‘Travellers’, and settled society in Ireland since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the racialisation and defamation of Travellers then reached new heights with the development of a rural fundamentalist nationalism which fused with Social Darwinism and caused Travellers to be treated as social anachronisms in an increasingly settled and sanitised society. This in turn meant that Travellers were located outside the moral and political structures of the Irish state and placed at the ‘hostile’ end of a continuum running from tradition to modernity. As a result of renewed modernisation through industrialisation in the 1970s through to the 1990s, new strategies of social closure have emerged which are causing Travellers to be located at the outer edges of Irish society. The paper finally suggests that the constant structuring and restructuring of economy and space in Ireland have fostered ‘fortress’ mentalities here. This is aggravating divisions, both at national and local level, between subaltern Travellers and hegemonic sectors in Irish society.
Journal Article
European Gypsies and the Historical Geography of Loathing
Despite the fact that they are a global minority, world-systems theorists have curiously neglected Gypsies. On the one hand, Gypsies have resisted centuries of victimization, including attempted ethnocide, they stood apart from the wage labor system, and shunned the moral economy and material values of early and industrial capitalism. On the other hand, they have performed important integrauve roles in evolving capitalist and precapitalist societies, providing as they did the \"social cement\" which linked together otherwise isolated communities all across Europe. Yet Gypsies could well be considered Europe's classic outcasts, its very own \"untouchable caste.\" This article uses Norbert Elias's analysis of the civilizing process to examine the racialization of Gypsies over the Braudelian longue durée. It traces the origins of anti-Gypsy loathing to religious fundamentalism in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and then links the victimization of Gypsies in the nineteenth and early twentieth century to a fusion of nationalism, proprietorialism, and Social Darwinism. Locating intolerance for Gypsies in a wider European discourse on progress and development, this article treats anti-Gypsy racism as a product of internal civilizing processes operating within European society from the sixteenth century onwards. This has resulted in a progressive lowering of the thresholds of tolerance separating Gypsies from \"settled\" Europeans, just as it has contributed to a radical disavowal of Gypsy culture since the nineteenth century.
Journal Article
Emigration and the Peripheralization of Ireland in the Global Economy
This paper critiques behavioral and geographical explanations of new wave Irish emigration. It suggests that the former traces emigration to the aspirations and social attributes of Irish youg adults, thereby locating its causes and consequences in Irish youth enterprise culture. The latter explains emigration in simple geographical terms, attributing it to locational factors and Ireland's peripherality relative to the European Community. This paper adopts a world-system perspective, arguing that Irish emigrationcan be traced to the peripheral status of the Irish economy, in the global economy. Comparing new wave with historical Irish emigration, it suggests that Ireland still operates as an emigrant nursery in the world-economy. Thus it suggests that world-system theory allows for a political geography of emigration by recognizing the centrality of place to the process of emigration. It also stresses the importance of emigration in the construction and destruction of socio-economic space.
Journal Article