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New Zealand went to war in 1914 as part of an empire but emerged with a modern memory. So powerful has that force of remembrance been that it has obscured another history: the making of colonial memory. Colonial memory focused on the nineteenth-century conflicts of the 1860s: the ‘Maori Wars’ as they were widely known by the early twentieth century. Just months before war in Europe was declared in August 1914 large crowds of New Zealanders turned out to events marking the fiftieth anniversary of the major battles that had taken place in Waikato and Tauranga in 1864. The anniversary occasions were the culmination of efforts from various quarters in the first decade or so of the twentieth century to record a vanishing history and pay tribute to those who had sacrificed their lives in ‘building the country’.

Two variations exist: upper demi-clarinet refers to the mouthpiece, barrel, and upper joint, while lower demi-clarinet refers to the mouthpiece inserted into the lower joint and bell. Despite the works early date, Errante emphasizes that Smith, not he, was the inventor of the technique: \"It's got to have been Bill... we met in 1966, [and] he was already doing that. Souvenirs de Nice is unique in its use of microtonal notation, indicating the precise sounding pitch of the full clarinet fingerings applied to the \"prepared\" clarinet (Fig. 3). In our discussion, Errante described this choice as purely practical: \"I [was] just fingering... what would be low E, and then just going through it, E F-sharp, G, G-sharp, and, you know, chromatic fingering, and then seeing what pitches it produced with the mouthpiece and bell... then just writing them down.\" The bulk of the demi-clarinet repertoire was composed by the technique's inventor, William O. Smith.

A review essay covering books by 1) Verity McInnis, Women of Empire: Nineteenth-Century Army Officers' Wives in India and the U.S. West (2017) and 2) Susanna Rabow-Edling, Married to the Empire: Three Governors' Wives in Russian America 1829-1864 (2015).

Facing the crisis of a colony at war, Harriet Gore Browne experienced a crisis of mind as the wife of a governor heavily criticized for acting unjustly and illegally in provoking a racial conflict. Analysing the intimacies of power, the article depicts the doubts, pain and haunting pressure of violence on those proximate to as well as subject to imperial authority. Harriet Gore Browne’s intense scrutiny of her own and her husband’s actions expose an interior questioning of the legitimate use of force against indigenous resistance. The pain running through Harriet Gore Browne’s journals, tormenting her days and nights, speaks to the centrality of race, emotion and the intimate in colonial rule.

First World War memory practices linked the War with the present through a syntax that connected past and present time in promises phrased as 'lest we forget' or 'at the going down of the sun and in the morning, we shall remember them' (Binyon's lines uttered as part of Anzac Day services, lines that were often inscribed on War memorials). Imperial fervor and military pride stirred by the South African War (1899-1902) prompted those eager to honour soldiers serving Queen and Empire under the Union Jack in an earlier era. 7 Marilyn Lake, The Limits of Hope: Soldier Settlement in Victoria, 1915-38 (Melbourne and New York: Oxford University Press, 1987); Margaret Tennant, The Fabric of Welfare: Voluntary Organisations, Government and Welfare in New Zealand 1840-2005 (Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 2007); Ashley N. Gould, 'Proof of Gratitude: Soldier Land Settlement in New Zealand after World War One', PhD thesis, Massey University, 1992; Ian McGibbon, ed., with Paul Goldstone Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History (Auckland: Oxford University Press, 2000). 9 Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1975); Pierre Nora, Les Lieux de Memoire (Paris: Gallimard, 1984) published in English as Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, New York: Columbia University Press, 1996-68); J. M. Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: the Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

Two consequences of the continued urbanisation of the human population are that a growing proportion of the landscape is less hospitable to, and that a growing proportion of people are disconnected from, native biodiversity. One response of the UK government has been to establish a goal, and an associated baseline indicator, of increasing the extent and range of public participation in gardening for wildlife. The formulation of policy to attain this end requires, however, insight into the factors that are associated with the level of participation. Here we examine the relationships, across 15 areas in five UK cities, between the proportion of households providing various garden features for wildlife or participating in various wildlife gardening activities, and housing densities and characteristics of the garden resource. We show that significant numbers of households participate in some form of wildlife gardening, but that the predominant form this participation takes is feeding wild birds. Key variables associated with spatial variation in wildlife gardening activities are the proportion of households with access to a garden and, more importantly, average garden size and the proportion of land cover by gardens. There was no evidence for strong effects of household density or the socio-economic status of householders on the prevalence of wildlife friendly features in gardens or on the participation by householders in activities to encourage wildlife. Our results suggest important considerations in attempts to increase awareness and participation in wildlife gardening.

Rising ambient temperatures driven by climate change can heighten an endotherm’s risk of heat stress, eliciting a physiological and behavioural response. Cold-specialist species may be particularly vulnerable to over-heating due to their adaptive ability to retain body heat in cold environments. Moreover, their risk of heat stress may be exaggerated during reproduction, when body temperatures and energetic workloads approach their annual maxima. In this study, I investigated whether a cold-specialist seaduck, the arctic-breeding common eider (Somateria mollissima), experiences heat stress during their incubation by examining their heart rate and incubation behaviour at Qikiqtakuluk (East Bay Island), a long-term breeding colony in the Qaqsauqtuuq (East Bay) Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut. Hens fast for roughly 25 days while incubating their eggs on sun-exposed nests. I used heart-rate data collected from incubating hens using a 3D-printed microphone egg in each nest during the summers of 2019, 2022, and 2023 (N= 62), as well as incubation behaviour recorded via temperature fluctuations from thermal probes in each nest in summers 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023 (N= 86). Recorded nest-level temperature was also recorded at each nest using hobo temperature pendants, and site-wide ambient temperature and weather factors (e.g. wind) were also measured using heat-stress tracking devices. I found significant temperature thresholds at which eiders begin to increase their heart rate and increase behavioural adjustments on the nest in response to heat stress. However, eiders are not yet experiencing high-enough temperatures in their environment to show statistically significant changes in their heart rate and behaviour. In addition, we found that weather factors contribute to eiders' physiological responses but not behavioural responses to heat stress. Further, hens' heart rates and behavioural adjustments increase later in the breeding season and during later stages of incubation, with later-laying hens also having higher heart rates. We conclude that eiders are not yet significantly heat-stressed during their incubation, but as temperatures continue to rise beyond our found temperature thresholds, incubating eiders may begin to experience significant energetic and behavioural costs of heat stress, particularly later into the season and their incubation, with late-laying hens being especially vulnerable to energetic costs. We show that eiders have the capacity to respond to climate change, but that these responses can interfere with their reproduction. As such, the revealed temperature thresholds and assessment of eiders' vulnerability to heat stress under climate change’s warming of arctic summers may aid in informing their timely management and encourage protective policy action in this declining seaduck.

The purpose of this Scholarly Project is to increase provider and staff knowledge regarding the prevention and management of needle stick injuries. The clinical problem is inadequate training and education regarding needle stick injuries at a Physical Medicine/orthopedic clinic. The goal is the development of a Needle Stick Injury Prevention Protocol with an assessment and comparison of knowledge gained post education. Implementation of the protocol and educational seminars improve participant knowledge and attitudes regarding needle stick injuries. Outcomes assess if providers and nursing staff have improved knowledge of how to prevent and manage a needle stick injury after the project implementation. Benchmarks for the project include eliminating unnecessary injections, ensuring the use of the safest needle devices, creating a Needle Stick Injury Prevention Protocol with the most up to date evidence based medicine and ensuring adequate education of staff. The findings suggest that participants have improved knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to needle stick injuries at the organization. The evaluation plan includes effectiveness of the project implementation with evaluation of learning and data analysis.