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This study presents the successful electrodeposition of polyaniline (PANI) and TiO2/PANI composites on boron-doped diamond (BDD) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via cyclic voltammetry. Using 20 scan cycles in 0.5 M H2SO4, we synthesized thin films with tailored electrochemical properties. The formation of PANI was confirmed by characteristic redox peaks in the voltammograms, while FTIR spectroscopy identified key functional groups and bonding interactions between TiO2 and PANI. Morphological analysis via optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform but cracked surfaces influenced by TiO2 loading. Composite electrodes with molar ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 6:1 (TiO2:PANI) were compared, showing increased titanium content with higher ratios, as confirmed by EDS. This work offers a reproducible route for designing modified electrodes with enhanced interfacial properties.

Thin films of monomeric species polythiophene (PTh), poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and the copolymer PTh/PEDOT were prepared through electropolymerization and deposited above fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. The functional groups of the monomeric species (PTh, PEDOT) and polymeric species (PTh/PEDOT) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while morphological properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The analysis showed that monomers films exhibited less material deposition; otherwise, the copolymer PTh/PEDOT showed better deposition on substrate. In addition, the electrochemical characterization showed that the materials that resulted from copolymerization presented an improvement in electrochemical properties relating to monomer properties. The effect of overoxidation of the monomers applied during the electropolymerization process is also known.

This study focuses on the synthesis and application of glycerol carbonate (GC) as an emulsifier for light crude oil. GC was synthesized from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate via transesterification, achieving a 90% yield. Characterization through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR confirmed its structure. The emulsification properties of GC were tested by mixing it with light crude oil and water, demonstrating effective emulsification and forming stable emulsions. Stability tests with GC concentrations of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 revealed that emulsions remained stable for over 24 h. A particle size analysis indicated that higher GC concentrations produced smaller droplet sizes, enhancing the emulsification efficiency. This study highlights the potential applications of GC in oil spill remediation and enhanced oil recovery, emphasizing its biodegradability and low toxicity as environmental benefits. Overall, GC is presented as an effective and eco-friendly emulsifier for light crude oil, offering stable emulsions and promising industrial applications.

In the present work, we prepare Cellulose Nanofibers Films (CNFs) incorporating silver nanostructures (Ag/AgCl nanocubes) in a ratio of 1–20 wt% to the organic matrix. We found that with the increase of Ag wt%, a raise in crystalline species corresponding to Ag/AgCl was observed. The diffraction pattern in 2Ө = 44.7° planes belonging to Ag (2 0 0) shifts to 2Ө = 45.45° with planes AgCl (2 2 0), due to the increase of Ag. Furthermore, we describe that incrementation in silver concentration aid in fibers gaining a higher arrangement. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed cubic structures formed by smaller cubic nanostructures. Electrochemical Impedance tests determined electrical resistance of the films, obtaining values of 551 Ω cm2, 62.6 Ω cm2, 3.78 Ω cm2, 7.9 Ω cm2, and 15.8 Ω cm2 for concentrations of 1 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% respectively; in addition to obtaining the CPE from films, demonstrating that they possess electrical conduction and energy storage capabilities.Graphic abstract

With TEMPO oxidation, it was possible to incorporate iron nanostructures into a cellulose nanofiber matrix. FTIR spectra showed the functional groups present in the films. The combination of both iron and CNF confers to the films good electrochemical activity; the electrochemical characterization (CV) showed that they present stability in the reduction process at a potential of 0–1 V, with the materials with 5% and 10% being the most active. The Pb reduction process shows that the 5% film is the material with the highest oxidizing capacity.