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The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) thought to be necessary for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Forty children with ASD and forty age-matched typically developing children between the ages of 7–12 years participated. Groups were comparable with regard to nonverbal IQ, but children with ASD had significantly lower verbal IQ. Children completed three CBT-related tasks requiring emotion recognition, discrimination among thoughts, feelings and behaviors, and cognitive mediation. With the exception of the emotion recognition task, children with ASD performed comparably to typically developing children and with a high rate of accuracy.

Despite a strong societal commitment to ensuring that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) fully participate in their communities, few people with ID vote. Little is known about voting experiences from the perspective of people with ID. In-person, semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 adults with ID (Mage = 37 years) to obtain their input on voting. Constant comparison and content analysis methods were used to characterize themes. Results indicated that people with ID are interested in voting and desire to be included in the voting process yet receive little education on political issues or on how to make voting-related decisions. Support from family or service providers and self-advocacy facilitated their ability to vote. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.

The UK National Health Service (NHS) classified 2.2 million people as clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) during the first wave of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, advising them to \"shield\" (to not leave home for any reason). The aim of this study was to measure the determinants of shielding behavior and associations with well-being in a large NHS patient population for informing future health policy. Patients contributing to an ongoing longitudinal participatory epidemiology study (Longitudinal Effects on Wellbeing of the COVID-19 Pandemic [LoC-19], n=42,924) received weekly email invitations to complete questionnaires (17-week shielding period starting April 9, 2020) within their NHS personal electronic health record. Question items focused on well-being. Participants were stratified into four groups by self-reported CEV status (qualifying condition) and adoption of shielding behavior (baselined at week 1 or 2). The distribution of CEV criteria was reported alongside situational variables and univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Longitudinal trends in physical and mental well-being were displayed graphically. Free-text responses reporting variables impacting well-being were semiquantified using natural language processing. In the lead up to a second national lockdown (October 23, 2020), a follow-up questionnaire evaluated subjective concern if further shielding was advised. The study included 7240 participants. In the CEV group (n=2391), 1133 (47.3%) assumed shielding behavior at baseline, compared with 633 (13.0%) in the non-CEV group (n=4849). CEV participants who shielded were more likely to be Asian (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.49-2.76), female (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.45), older (OR per year increase 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02), living in a home with an outdoor space (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70) or three to four other inhabitants (three: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15-1.94; four: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10-2.01), or solid organ transplant recipients (OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.18-3.77), or have severe chronic lung disease (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.30-2.04). Receipt of a government letter advising shielding was reported in 1115 (46.6%) CEV participants and 180 (3.7%) non-CEV participants, and was associated with adopting shielding behavior (OR 3.34, 95% CI 2.82-3.95 and OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.04-3.99, respectively). In CEV participants, shielding at baseline was associated with a lower rating of mental well-being and physical well-being. Similar results were found for non-CEV participants. Concern for well-being if future shielding was required was most prevalent among CEV participants who had originally shielded. Future health policy must balance the potential protection from COVID-19 against our findings that shielding negatively impacted well-being and was adopted in many in whom it was not indicated and variably in whom it was indicated. This therefore also requires clearer public health messaging and support for well-being if shielding is to be advised in future pandemic scenarios.

[...]given their location in population centers throughout the state, they provide readily accessible developmental screening services for the entire population of children from birth to five years of age. [...]no single tool had been developed that was capable of reliably identifying amblyopia risk factors. [...]the team decided on a battery of five different vision screening tools that took into consideration the particular strengths of each tool in detecting specific amblyopia risk factors.

Background Post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality with evidence suggesting that early identification using biomarkers of AKI may impact prognosis. Most studies in surgical patients has focussed on cardiac, vascular and transplant surgery cohorts. Evidence on the utility of biomarkers in major abdominal surgery is sparse. Methods This was a prospective observational single centre diagnostic study conducted on 488 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Urine was collected four hours post-surgery. The biomarkers for AKI NGAL, KIM-1, DKK-3 and IGFBP-7*TIMP-2 were measured and diagnostic performance assessed utilising Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to predict the development of post operative AKI using serum creatinine and urine output criteria. Results 242 participants developed AKI by urine output criteria (49.5%) and 43 by serum creatinine criteria (8.8%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for stage 1 AKI as determined by serum creatinine criteria for NGAL was 0.741 (95%CI 0.699–0.770, p  < 0.001) and 0.871 (95%CI 0.838-0.899, p  < 0.001) for stage 2. AUC values for IGFBP-7*TIMP-2 for stage 1 were 0.655 (95% CI 0.611–0.697, p0.003) and stage 2 0.803 (95%CI 0.764–0.837 p0.002). The AUC for KIM-1 was statistically significant for stage 1 (0.68, 95%CI 0.637–0.722) but not for stage 2. No AUC values for DKK-3 were statistically significant. Biomarkers performed poorly for prediction of AKI by urine output criteria. Conclusions In this large prospective study of a clinical cohort of 488 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery AKI rates are dependent on the criteria used with 49.5% of patients developed AKI by urine output criteria, compared to only 8.8% by serum creatinine. NGAL and IGFBP-7*TIMP-2 showed reasonable diagnostic performance when diagnosing AKI by serum creatinine criteria, with NGAL returning the highest AUC values.

Despite an increasing commitment in promoting the full inclusion of people with intellectual disability in their communities, it appears that few adults with intellectual disability participate in elections as registered voters. We surveyed a variety of stakeholders about voting by people with intellectual disability using quantitative and qualitative methods. The majority of respondents indicated that people with intellectual disability knew what voting is, expressed an interest in voting, and were registered to vote. However, few respondents indicated that individuals with intellectual disability were provided with voting instruction or had voting included in their service plans. Barriers to greater participation are discussed and future areas of research are suggested.

The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) thought to be necessary for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Forty children with ASD and forty age-matched typically developing children between the ages of 7-12 years participated. Groups were comparable with regard to nonverbal IQ, but children with ASD had significantly lower verbal IQ. Children completed three CBT-related tasks requiring emotion recognition, discrimination among thoughts, feelings and behaviors, and cognitive mediation. With the exception of the emotion recognition task, children with ASD performed comparably to typically developing children and with a high rate of accuracy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) thought to be necessary for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Forty children with ASD and forty age-matched typically developing children between the ages of 7-12 years participated. Groups were comparable with regard to nonverbal IQ, but children with ASD had significantly lower verbal IQ. Children completed three CBT-related tasks requiring emotion recognition, discrimination among thoughts, feelings and behaviors, and cognitive mediation. With the exception of the emotion recognition task, children with ASD performed comparably to typically developing children and with a high rate of accuracy.

We are reporting a successful laparoscopic resection of a perforated Meckel's Diverticulum (MD) causing localized peritonitis due to an impacted gallstone. MD is a small benign pouch on the wall of the small intestine that is present in ∼2% of the population. It results from a failure of complete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct. MD is mainly lined by ileal mucosa; however, other ectopic tissue types can be found including gastric, duodenal, colonic, pancreatic, Brunner's glands, hepatobiliary tissue and endometrial mucosa. Most reported complications include bleeding, infection and obstruction. With relevance to this report, we can find no more than two reports of a large gallstone impacting the neck of the MD and causing ileus, and we were unable to find any reports that mention perforation due to impaction at the neck of an MD.