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Using 983.0\\rm{fb}{⁻¹}{}and 427.9\\rm{fb}{⁻¹}{}data samples collected with the Belle and Belle II detectors at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric energye⁺e⁻colliders, respectively, we present studies of the Cabibbo-favoredΞ_(c)⁺decaysΞ_(c)⁺→ Σ⁺K_(S)⁰andΞ_(c)⁺→ Ξ⁰π⁺ , and the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decayΞ_(c)⁺→ Ξ⁰K⁺ . The ratios of branching fractions ofΞ_(c)⁺→ Σ⁺K_(S)⁰andΞ_(c)⁺→ Ξ⁰K⁺relative to that ofΞ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁻}{π}{⁺}π⁺are measured for the first time, while the ratio𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁰}{π}{⁺})/𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁻}{π}{⁺}π⁺) is also determined and improved by an order of magnitude in precision. The measured branching fraction ratios are((𝓑(Ξ_(𝓬)⁺ → Σ⁺𝓚_(𝓢)⁰))/(𝓑(Ξ_(𝓬)⁺→ Ξ⁻π⁺π⁺)))= 0.067 ± 0.007 ± 0.003 ,((𝓑(Ξ_(𝓬)⁺ → Ξ⁰π⁺))/(𝓑(Ξ_(𝓬)⁺→ Ξ⁻π⁺π⁺))) = 0.251 ± 0.005 ± 0.010 ,((𝓑(Ξ_(𝓬)⁺ → Ξ⁰𝓚⁺))/(𝓑(Ξ_(𝓬)⁺→ Ξ⁻π⁺π⁺))) = 0.017 ± 0.003 ± 0.001 . Additionally, the ratio𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁰}{K}{⁺})/𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁰}{π}{⁺})is measured to be 0.068 ± 0.010 ± 0.004 . Here, the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Multiplying the ratios by the branching fraction of the normalization mode,𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁻}{π}{⁺}π⁺)= (2.9± 1.3)% , we obtain the following absolute branching fractions𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΣ{⁺}{K}{⁰}_(S)) = (0.194 ± 0.021 ± 0.009 ± 0.087 )% ,𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁰}{π}{⁺}) = (0.728 ± 0.014 ± 0.027 ± 0.326 )% ,𝓑(Ξ_(c)⁺\\toΞ{⁰}{K}{⁺}) = (0.049 ± 0.007 ± 0.003 ± 0.022 )% .

A bstract Using data samples of 983.0 fb − 1 and 427.9 fb − 1 accumulated with the Belle and Belle II detectors operating at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − colliders, singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays Ξ c + → p K S 0 , Ξ c + → Λ π + , and Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + are observed for the first time. The ratios of branching fractions of Ξ c + → p K S 0 , Ξ c + → Λ π + , and Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + relative to that of Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + are measured to be B Ξ c + → p K S 0 B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.47 ± 0.16 ± 0.07 % , B Ξ c + → Λ π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 1.56 ± 0.14 ± 0.09 % , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 4.13 ± 0.26 ± 0.22 % . Multiplying these values by the branching fraction of the normalization channel, B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.9 ± 1.3 % , the absolute branching fractions are determined to be B Ξ c + → p K S 0 = 7.16 ± 0.46 ± 0.20 ± 3.21 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Λ π + = 4.52 ± 0.41 ± 0.26 ± 2.03 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + = 1.20 ± 0.08 ± 0.07 ± 0.54 × 10 − 3 . The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty in B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + .

The Belle II experiment’s ability to identify particles critically affects the sensitivity of its measurements. We describe Belle II’s algorithms for identifying charged particles and evaluate their performance in separating pions, kaons, and protons using 426 fb - 1 of data collected at the energy-asymmetric e + e - collider SuperKEKB in 2019–2022 at center-of-mass energies at and near the mass of the Υ (4S).

A bstract Using 983.0 fb − 1 and 427.9 fb − 1 data samples collected with the Belle and Belle II detectors at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric energy e + e − colliders, respectively, we present studies of the Cabibbo-favored decays and , and the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay . The ratios of branching fractions of and relative to that of are measured for the first time, while the ratio is also determined and improved by an order of magnitude in precision. The measured branching fraction ratios are Additionally, the ratio is measured to be 0 . 068 ± 0 . 010 ± 0 . 004. Here, the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Multiplying the ratios by the branching fraction of the normalization mode, , we obtain the following absolute branching fractions where the third uncertainties are from .

A bstract We report measurements of the absolute branching fractions , , and , where the latter is measured for the first time. The results are based on a 121.4 fb − 1 data sample collected at the Υ(10860) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. We reconstruct one meson in events and measure yields of , D 0 , and D + mesons in the rest of the event. We obtain , , and , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Averaging with previous Belle measurements gives and . For the production fraction at the Υ(10860), we find .

Abstract We report measurements of the absolute branching fractions$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}_{s}^{\\pm }X\\right)$$,$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}^{0}/{\\overline{D} }^{0}X\\right)$$, and$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}^{\\pm }X\\right)$$, where the latter is measured for the first time. The results are based on a 121.4 fb −1 data sample collected at the Υ(10860) resonance by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. We reconstruct one$${B}_{s}^{0}$$meson in$${e}^{+}{e}^{-}\\to \\Upsilon\\left(10860\\right)\\to {B}_{s}^{*}{\\overline{B} }_{s}^{*}$$events and measure yields of$${D}_{s}^{+}$$, D 0, and D + mesons in the rest of the event. We obtain$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}_{s}^{\\pm }X\\right)=\\left(68.6\\pm 7.2\\pm 4.0\\right)\\%$$,$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}^{0}/{\\overline{D} }^{0}X\\right)=\\left(21.5\\pm 6.1\\pm 1.8\\right)\\%$$, and$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}^{\\pm }X\\right)=\\left(12.6\\pm 4.6\\pm 1.3\\right)\\%$$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Averaging with previous Belle measurements gives$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}_{s}^{\\pm }X\\right)=\\left(63.4\\pm 4.5\\pm 2.2\\right)\\%$$and$$\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_{s}^{0}\\to {D}^{0}/{\\overline{D} }^{0}X\\right)=\\left(23.9\\pm 4.1\\pm 1.8\\right)\\%$$. For the$${B}_{s}^{0}$$production fraction at the Υ(10860), we find$${f}_{s}=\\left({21.4}_{-1.7}^{+1.5}\\right)\\%$$.

Using data samples of 983.0 fb − 1 and 427.9 fb − 1 accumulated with the Belle and Belle II detectors operating at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − colliders, singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0 $$Ξ c + → p K S 0 ,$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Λ π + , and$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + are observed for the first time. The ratios of branching fractions of$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0 $$Ξ c + → p K S 0 ,$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Λ π + , and$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + relative to that of$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+} $$Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + are measured to be$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(2.47\\pm 0.16\\pm 0.07\\right)\\%,\\\ {}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+}\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(1.56\\pm 0.14\\pm 0.09\\right)\\%,\\\ {}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(4.13\\pm 0.26\\pm 0.22\\right)\\%.\\end{array}} $$B Ξ c + → p K S 0 B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.47 ± 0.16 ± 0.07 % , B Ξ c + → Λ π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 1.56 ± 0.14 ± 0.09 % , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 4.13 ± 0.26 ± 0.22 % . Multiplying these values by the branching fraction of the normalization channel,$$ \\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(2.9\\pm 1.3\\right)\\% $$B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.9 ± 1.3 % , the absolute branching fractions are determined to be$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0\\right)=\\left(7.16\\pm 0.46\\pm 0.20\\pm 3.21\\right)\\times {10}^{-4},\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(4.52\\pm 0.41\\pm 0.26\\pm 2.03\\right)\\times {10}^{-4},\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(1.20\\pm 0.08\\pm 0.07\\pm 0.54\\right)\\times {10}^{-3}.\\end{array}} $$B Ξ c + → p K S 0 = 7.16 ± 0.46 ± 0.20 ± 3.21 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Λ π + = 4.52 ± 0.41 ± 0.26 ± 2.03 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + = 1.20 ± 0.08 ± 0.07 ± 0.54 × 10 − 3 . The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty in$$ \\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right) $$B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + .

Abstract We present the results of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decays B 0 → K *0 τ ± ℓ ∓, where ℓ ∓ is either an electron or a muon. The results are based on 365 fb −1 and 711 fb −1 datasets collected with the Belle II and Belle detectors, respectively. We use an exclusive hadronic B-tagging technique, and search for a signal decay in the system recoiling against a fully reconstructed B meson. We find no evidence for B 0 → K *0 τ ± ℓ ∓ decays and set upper limits on the branching fractions in the range of (2.9–6.4)×10 −5 at 90% confidence level.

Abstract Using data samples of 983.0 fb −1 and 427.9 fb −1 accumulated with the Belle and Belle II detectors operating at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − colliders, singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays Ξ c + → p K S 0$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0 $$, Ξ c + → Λ π +$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+} $$, and Ξ c + → Σ 0 π +$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+} $$are observed for the first time. The ratios of branching fractions of Ξ c + → p K S 0$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0 $$, Ξ c + → Λ π +$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+} $$, and Ξ c + → Σ 0 π +$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+} $$relative to that of Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π +$$ {\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+} $$are measured to be B Ξ c + → p K S 0 B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.47 ± 0.16 ± 0.07 % , B Ξ c + → Λ π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 1.56 ± 0.14 ± 0.09 % , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 4.13 ± 0.26 ± 0.22 % .$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(2.47\\pm 0.16\\pm 0.07\\right)\\%,\\\ {}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+}\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(1.56\\pm 0.14\\pm 0.09\\right)\\%,\\\ {}\\frac{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}{\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)}=\\left(4.13\\pm 0.26\\pm 0.22\\right)\\%.\\end{array}} $$Multiplying these values by the branching fraction of the normalization channel, B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π + = 2.9 ± 1.3 %$$ \\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(2.9\\pm 1.3\\right)\\% $$, the absolute branching fractions are determined to be B Ξ c + → p K S 0 = 7.16 ± 0.46 ± 0.20 ± 3.21 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Λ π + = 4.52 ± 0.41 ± 0.26 ± 2.03 × 10 − 4 , B Ξ c + → Σ 0 π + = 1.20 ± 0.08 ± 0.07 ± 0.54 × 10 − 3 .$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to p{K}_S^0\\right)=\\left(7.16\\pm 0.46\\pm 0.20\\pm 3.21\\right)\\times {10}^{-4},\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to \\Lambda {\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(4.52\\pm 0.41\\pm 0.26\\pm 2.03\\right)\\times {10}^{-4},\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Sigma}^0{\\pi}^{+}\\right)=\\left(1.20\\pm 0.08\\pm 0.07\\pm 0.54\\right)\\times {10}^{-3}.\\end{array}} $$The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty in B Ξ c + → Ξ − π + π +$$ \\mathcal{B}\\left({\\Xi}_c^{+}\\to {\\Xi}^{-}{\\pi}^{+}{\\pi}^{+}\\right) $$.

Multiparametric MRI of the prostate followed by targeted biopsy is recommended for patients at risk of prostate cancer. However, multiparametric ultrasound is more readily available than multiparametric MRI. Data from paired-cohort validation studies and randomised, controlled trials support the use of multiparametric MRI, whereas the evidence for individual ultrasound methods and multiparametric ultrasound is only derived from case series. We aimed to establish the overall agreement between multiparametric ultrasound and multiparametric MRI to diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, paired-cohort, confirmatory study in seven hospitals in the UK. Patients at risk of prostate cancer, aged 18 years or older, with an elevated prostate-specific antigen concentration or abnormal findings on digital rectal examination underwent both multiparametric ultrasound and multiparametric MRI. Multiparametric ultrasound consisted of B-mode, colour Doppler, real-time elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Multiparametric MRI included high-resolution T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted imaging (dedicated high B 1400 s/mm2 or 2000 s/mm2 and apparent diffusion coefficient map), and dynamic contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted images. Patients with positive findings on multiparametric ultrasound or multiparametric MRI underwent targeted biopsies but were masked to their test results. If both tests yielded positive findings, the order of targeting at biopsy was randomly assigned (1:1) using stratified (according to centre only) block randomisation with randomly varying block sizes. The co-primary endpoints were the proportion of positive lesions on, and agreement between, multiparametric MRI and multiparametric ultrasound in identifying suspicious lesions (Likert score of ≥3), and detection of clinically significant cancer (defined as a Gleason score of ≥4 + 3 in any area or a maximum cancer core length of ≥6 mm of any grade [PROMIS definition 1]) in those patients who underwent a biopsy. Adverse events were defined according to Good Clinical Practice and trial regulatory guidelines. The trial is registered on ISRCTN, 38541912, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02712684, with recruitment and follow-up completed. Between March 15, 2016, and Nov 7, 2019, 370 eligible patients were enrolled; 306 patients completed both multiparametric ultrasound and multiparametric MRI and 257 underwent a prostate biopsy. Multiparametric ultrasound was positive in 272 (89% [95% CI 85–92]) of 306 patients and multiparametric MRI was positive in 238 patients (78% [73–82]; difference 11·1% [95% CI 5·1–17·1]). Positive test agreement was 73·2% (95% CI 67·9–78·1; κ=0·06 [95% CI –0·56 to 0·17]). Any cancer was detected in 133 (52% [95% CI 45·5–58]) of 257 patients, with 83 (32% [26–38]) of 257 being clinically significant by PROMIS definition 1. Each test alone would result in multiparametric ultrasound detecting PROMIS definition 1 cancer in 66 (26% [95% CI 21–32]) of 257 patients who had biopsies and multiparametric MRI detecting it in 77 (30% [24–36]; difference –4·3% [95% CI –8·3% to –0·3]). Combining both tests detected 83 (32% [95% CI 27–38]) of 257 clinically significant cancers as per PROMIS definition 1; of these 83 cancers, six (7% [95% CI 3–15]) were detected exclusively with multiparametric ultrasound, and 17 (20% [12–31]) were exclusively detected by multiparametric MRI (agreement 91·1% [95% CI 86·9–94·2]; κ=0·78 [95% CI 0·69–0·86]). No serious adverse events were related to trial activity. Multiparametric ultrasound detected 4·3% fewer clinically significant prostate cancers than multiparametric MRI, but it would lead to 11·1% more patients being referred for a biopsy. Multiparametric ultrasound could be an alternative to multiparametric MRI as a first test for patients at risk of prostate cancer, particularly if multiparametric MRI cannot be carried out. Both imaging tests missed clinically significant cancers detected by the other, so the use of both would increase the detection of clinically significant prostate cancers compared with using each test alone. The Jon Moulton Charity Trust, Prostate Cancer UK, and UCLH Charity and Barts Charity.