Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
69
result(s) for
"Maddox, Jake"
Sort by:
Tae kwon do clash
Fifteen-year-old Ben's mother would like him to follow his best friend, Tanner, and join Chief Master Lisa Kleisch's tae kwon do studio, but Ben is loyal to his long-time instructor, Mr. Ronson; besides he really does not like what he sees of Lisa Kleisch's joyless technique--and when Tanner admits that he hates it at the new dojang, Ben is more determined than ever to prove that he can win with Mr. Ronson.
Book
Endolysin Regulation in Phage Mu Lysis
Host cell lysis is the terminal event of the bacteriophage infection cycle. In Gram-negative hosts, lysis requires proteins that disrupt each of the three cell envelope components, only one of which has been identified in Mu: the endolysin gp22.
Bacteriophage Mu is a paradigm coliphage studied mainly because of its use of transposition for genome replication. However, in extensive nonsense mutant screens, only one lysis gene has been identified, the endolysin gp22. This is surprising because in Gram-negative hosts, lysis by
Caudovirales
phages has been shown to require proteins which disrupt all three layers of the cell envelope. Usually this involves a holin, an endolysin, and a spanin targeting the cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan (PG), and outer membrane (OM), respectively, with the holin determining the timing of lysis initiation. Here, we demonstrate that gp22 is a signal-anchor-release (SAR) endolysin and identify gp23 and gp23.1 as two-component spanin subunits. However, we find that Mu lacks a holin and instead encodes a membrane-tethered cytoplasmic protein, gp25, which is required for the release of the SAR endolysin. Mutational analysis showed that this dependence on gp25 is conferred by lysine residues at positions 6 and 7 of the short cytoplasmic domain of gp22. gp25, which we designate as a releasin, also facilitates the release of SAR endolysins from other phages. Moreover, the entire length of gp25, including its N-terminal transmembrane domain, belongs to a protein family, DUF2730, found in many Mu-like phages, including those with cytoplasmic endolysins. These results are discussed in terms of models for the evolution and mechanism of releasin function and a rationale for Mu lysis without holin control.
IMPORTANCE
Host cell lysis is the terminal event of the bacteriophage infection cycle. In Gram-negative hosts, lysis requires proteins that disrupt each of the three cell envelope components, only one of which has been identified in Mu: the endolysin gp22. We show that gp22 can be characterized as a SAR endolysin, a muralytic enzyme that activates upon release from the membrane to degrade the cell wall. Furthermore, we identify genes
23
and
23.1
as spanin subunits used for outer membrane disruption. Significantly, we demonstrate that Mu is the first known
Caudovirales
phage to lack a holin, a protein that disrupts the inner membrane and is traditionally known to release endolysins. In its stead, we report the discovery of a lysis protein, termed the releasin, which Mu uses for SAR endolysin release. This is an example of a system where the dynamic membrane localization of one protein is controlled by a secondary protein.
Journal Article
Soccer sabotage
Eighth-grader Simon Sanford and his friends Jacob and Mohammed are all excited for soccer tryouts, because this year they will probably be starters, but a newcomer, Trevor, is stealing the show; jealous, and worried about their positions on the team, the three start to sabotage their rival--until Simon gets a life lesson from his least favorite teacher.
Book
Stock Investment Industry Augmented by Mobile Technology
This concise article explores and discusses the stock investment industry and how stock investment has been enhanced by mobile technology/applications. It details the stock investment industry; the introduction of vital forces that affect the investment industry; services provided by the investment industry; the value chain of the investment industry; the business process of the investment industry; mobile applications used in stock investment/trading; the leading mobile apps; challenges, benefits, legal and ethical issues faced by mobile applications; and concise inferences.
Journal Article
Heavyweight takedown
Ninth-grader Kyle has always been the heavyweight on his junior high school wrestling team, but when a new kid shows up he loses the challenge and finds himself relegated to the B-team--until a girl on the squad suggests he move down a weight class.
Book
Open Problems in DAOs
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are a new, rapidly-growing class of organizations governed by smart contracts. Here we describe how researchers can contribute to the emerging science of DAOs and other digitally-constituted organizations. From granular privacy primitives to mechanism designs to model laws, we identify high-impact problems in the DAO ecosystem where existing gaps might be tackled through a new data set or by applying tools and ideas from existing research fields such as political science, computer science, economics, law, and organizational science. Our recommendations encompass exciting research questions as well as promising business opportunities. We call on the wider research community to join the global effort to invent the next generation of organizations.
Paper
Snowboard hero
Thirteen-year-old Kaleb has always looked up to his older stepbrother, Luke, in snowboarding and everything else, so when Luke is wounded in Afghanistan Kaleb is devastated--and to honor his brother he is set on competing on the difficult slopestyle course.
Book
Nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking regulates nuclear surface area during nuclear organogenesis
Throughout development, nuclei must be assembled following every cell division to establish a functional organelle from compact, mitotic chromatin. During nuclear organogenesis, chromatin expands to establish a nucleus of a given size seperate from the cytoplasm. Determining how nuclear organogenesis is regulated is particularly significant in the context of certain cancers in which scaling relationships between cell and nuclear sizes are not maintained. Controlling cell size in vitro using a microfluidics approach, we determined that neither nuclear volume nor surface area scale directly with cell size. Looking to explain differential nuclear scaling relationships, we developed a simple mechano-chemical mathematical model. In simulating biological perturbations in silico, our model predicted crucial roles for nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking in regulating nuclear expansion and in restricting the recruitment of a potential nuclear surface area factor. In mammalian tissue culture, inhibiting nuclear export increased nuclear expansion rates and reduced the amount of nuclear lamin, a candidate surface area factor, being recruited to assembling nuclei, supporting our model's predictions. Targeting the principal nuclear export component in the Drosophila syncytial embryo, Embargoed, we show that nuclear expansion rates are also increased in this developmental context, consistent with our model. Using the MS2-reporter system in fly embryos, we demonstrate a role for nuclear export in regulating transcription activation timing and dynamics, suggesting that regulating nuclear assembly is crucial for downstream nuclear function. Taken together, we propose a simple model through which nuclear organogenesis is achieved and demonstrate a role for nuclear export in regulating nuclear assembly.
Paper
Swimming the distance
Mason Williams is on his junior high school swim team, and he has always been fast at the short distances, but if he wants to compete in the longer races he will need to work on his endurance--so his best friend suggests that he train in the nearby lake.
Book
