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Natural fibers such as Banana fiber and sugarcane bagasse powder are used in the present study, which are abundantly available at low cost. Novel hybrid natural fiber reinforced composite specimen prepared by using the matrix material as epoxy (70%) with the addition of hardener and the reinforcement material (30%) used as NaOH chemical treated banana fiber with the addition of filler material as sugarcane bagasse powder to enhance the property. To prepare the composite material hand-lay process is used and manufactured three different combination of specimen by varying the composition ration of 10%, 15%, and 20% of reinforced material. The mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, flexural, Impact test of the prepared specimen have been evaluated as per the ASTM standards. The mechanical properties results depicts that the specimen prepared with chemically treated fiber gives more strength as compared to untreated fiber composites. The morphological study evidences the proper fiber used while preparing the hybrid composite material. The maximum tensile strength achieved in specimen is 73.48 MPa, compressive strength of 99.63 MPa, flexural strength of 77.50 MPa, Impact strength of 4.8 J/mm, Vickers hardness value of 59.6. The specimen prepared with chemically treated specimen has a higher percentage of water absorption than the untreated. This novel hybrid composite material can be used in automobile, aircraft, building, sports, and household applications.

The optimum choice of process variables is critical for assuring product quality, lowering machining costs, and enhancing manufacturing process efficiency. This review paper introduces the application of contemporary optimization techniques to optimize advanced material selection and manufacturing processes to enhance their machining performance parametrically. It focuses on mathematical modeling to achieve these improvements. The discussion includes manufacturing optimization techniques neural network-based methods, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimizations, teaching–learning-based optimizations, simulated annealing, Ant colony optimizations, fuzzy optimizations, artificial bee colony algorithm, and harmony search. The material selection optimization technique includes The life cycle assessment, multi-objective optimization, artificial neural networks, and genetic algorithms. The main objective of this paper is to comprehensively present the diverse range of modern optimization methods and their applications. It will helpful to the researcher to select the appropriate optimization method in the field of materials selection and manufacturing process to achieve effective output results in the various engineering applications. Graphical abstract

As the power requirements of industrial and electronic equipment continue to increase, thermal management is becoming more and more important. BHT, or pool boiling heat transfer, is acknowledged as an effective technique for handling large heat loads. In this study, experimental work on pool BHT is conducted on a surface coated with porous Cu and R-141b. The porous coating is achieved using two-stage electrodeposition techniques on a plain Cu surface. Characterization results reveal that the copper coating consists of a combination of nano- and microporous structures. Experimental studies have shown that the presence of a Cu-coated surface significantly enhances the Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) by up to 53% compared to a surface coated only with Cu. Additionally, the Cu-coated surface reduces heat compared to the uncoated surface. These findings demonstrate that the porous Cu coating surface can effectively increase surface area, cavitation, and nucleation density, which are beneficial for heat transfer applications. Graphical abstract

Aluminum metal foam has become an advanced popular material because it has excellent mechanical and electrical properties and is lightweight. The present work developed the Aluminium metal foam specimen using wax powder as a blowing agent through the powder metallurgy method. The effect of process parameters such as powder size, stirring speed, sintering temperature, and foaming agent content on the mechanical behavior of the developed specimens has been studied experimentally. In the design of experiments, the Taguchi orthogonal L9 array has been implemented. The percentage of porosity was estimated using the Archimedes principle, and mechanical behaviors such as flexural, tensile, and compressive strength were determined. The ANOVA analysis of variance it’s been carried out to check the significant parameters affecting the mechanical behavior of developed specimens. It was observed that the powder size is the highly significant parameter, followed by stirring speed, the content of the foaming agent, and sintering temperature. The Maximum Porosity is 71.30%, Compression strength 12.01 MPa, Tensile strength is 6.16 MPa, and Flexural strength is 5.18 MPa. The microstructure study reveals that there is no adequate composition in the specimen. The novelty in this research work is using a novel foaming agent as a Wax powder to develop aluminium metal foam and attain good properties.