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The root open msets and root closed msets associated with an mset topology are introduced and their basic properties are discussed.

The structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of BiFe 1− x Ti x O 3 ( x  = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1) nanorod (NR)-structured thin films synthesized by hot-wall spray pyrolysis have been investigated in detail. Such synthesis of one-dimensional BiFeO 3 (BFO) NRs using a self-made system is unique and barely reported. NR size reduction is observed due to suppression of oxygen vacancies on Ti doping. The magnetic properties of the Ti-doped BFO NRs as shown by M – H and M – T curves reveal that the saturation magnetization increased with increasing dopant concentration. The origin and increase of the magnetization with doping of a nonmagnetic element (Ti) in BFO NRs are significant results that are discussed in detail. This unconventional magnetic property is important for multiferroic materials applications.

The study has made on Ni-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films principally its magnetic properties. BiFe1−xNixO3 (Ni = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.10) films were synthesized by the indigenously developed novel hot-wall spray pyrolysis system. It is evidenced from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) that Ni doping tremendously modified the shape of the particles from individual rod structure to grouped nanocrystalline grains. M–H curve reveals that Ni doping lead to increase in saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization values of BFO at room temperature (RT) and low temperature (LT). These changes are unveiled due to the structural disorder evidenced from Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and oxygen vacancy evidenced from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which are responsible for the magnetic exchange interactions between Fe–O–Fe and Fe–O–Ni. The study of coercivity and blocking temperature with M–H and M–T curves showed that incorporation of Ni decreases the anisotropic energy and coercivity values. These results confirmed that Ni doping modifies the canting structure order which breaks the domains into multi-domains. High retentivity with optimum coercivity makes Ni doped BFO as a good soft magnetic material which finds applications in magnetic data storage devices.

The role of hexamine in the growth of 1D ZnO nanostructures, so far is only assumed, unpredictable and not well explained. Further, the role of hexamine in the growth of 1D ZnO nanostructure by hydrothermal method, especially at the higher concentrations (0.08 M and above) has not yet been well reported. The present study is designed to investigate the role of hexamine in lateral and vertical side growth of ZnO nanorods with different concentrations (0.08 M and above) of hexamine by keeping the concentration of zinc nitrate hexahydrate at 0.1 M. The influence of hexamine in the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods is studied with various characterization tools. The results show that hexamine strongly influence the morphology of ZnO nanostructure and single rod structure transforming into multiarmed structure with increase in hexamine concentration. The growth mechanism of multiarmed ZnO nanorods with respect to hexamine is effectively investigated and discussed in detail from the basic nucleation theories. Lateral growth and merging of rods on the surface is evidenced at the higher concentration of hexamine.

This is the novel report on the rapid synthesis of single phase BiFeO 3 nanorods by novel hot wall assisted spray pyrolysis system. The deposition has been carried out in an indigenously fabricated system and the entire process is completed in 4 s time duration. The structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of BiFeO 3 nanorods have been studied in the work. The mechanism of growth of BiFeO 3 nanorods has been explained extensively. The magnetic studies carried out with SQUID-VSM results BiFeO 3 nanorods showing higher saturated magnetization in comparing with previous reports.