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Sodium borohydride has been utilized to synthesize Au-NPs as stabilizing agents. The characterization of Au-NPs have been done by different techniques. X-ray diffraction machine has been used to study the structural properties of Au-NPs, which shows that the Au-NPs were in spherical and cubic structure. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of Au-NPs were analysed by SEM attached with the EDAX. UV-visible spectroscopy has been utilized to study the optical properties which shows the absorption peak of Au-NPs at 521nm. The crystallite size of Au-NPs was calculated via Debye-Scherrer and come out to be 12 nm.

Constructed using the sol gel technique, the CdS nanoparticles contain cobalt. Scientists used X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the properties of the particles they collected. The structural characterization results demonstrate the synthesis of impurity-free, Co-doped CdS nanoparticles in a single phase. We have shown and discussed the UV-VIS spectrophotometer-recorded optical absorption spectra of the doped sample in the 350-800 nm wavelength range. According to the Tauc relationship, the energy band gap is 2.46 eV. Potentially useful uses for co-doped CdS include photocatalysis, sensors, and solar cells.

William Shakespeare's critics often label the irony yielding a comic situation as 'comic irony': it is that irony whose effect is to arouse laughter, hence intensifies the audience's desired response. More often and powerful than comic irony is the tragic irony that undertakes to emphasize the limited scope of man's mind and understanding. It is, however, the assumption of the researchers that it is also most likely to speak of another type of dramatic irony, which can be labeled as 'semi-comic', 'semitragic', or even 'tragi-comic' to indicate its being neither comic per se nor merely tragic, but a mixture of both. It brings about an effect of \"mingled pain and amusement.\" It renders laughter and fear at the very time; but the dramatic situation eventually decides which surpasses what. This paper, however, is essentially concerned with the working of irony in three Shakespearean plays: Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet, and Othello, where the three types of irony are dramatically explored and effectively manipulated.