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This research was conducted within the wooden canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at Tikrit University’s College of Agriculture, throughout the agricultural season of 2022-2023. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of nano-iron oxide spraying and the addition of potassium on the growth and flowering dynamics of the baby rose species, Rose Pygmaea L. The experimental design involved two key factors: the first factor encompassed the application of iron oxide nanoparticles at three distinct concentrations (0, 50, 100 mg L -1 ), while the second factor involved the application of potassium fertilizer at four different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5 mg L -1 ). The experimental layout adhered to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with each treatment replicated three times to ensure statistical robustness and reliability of the findings. The outcomes of the study are succinctly presented as follows. The Fe 3 treatment, involving the application of nano-iron oxide at a concentration of (100) mg L -1 , exhibited remarkable superiority by yielding the highest values for various parameters, including plant height (36.434 cm plant -1 ), leaf area (473.65 cm plant -1 ), plant content of total chlorophyll (32.524 mg gm -1 fresh weight), number of flowers (3.672 flowers per plant -1 ), flower age (20.143 days per plant -1 ), and flower diameter (30.773 mm per plant -1 ). These values significantly surpassed the corresponding characteristics observed in the comparison treatment. Similarly, the K 4 treatment, involving the addition of potassium fertilizer at a concentration of (5) gm L -1 , demonstrated significant differences in the aforementioned attributes, achieving values such as 38.372 cm plant -1 for plant height, 480.81 cm plant -1 for leaf area, 33.971 mg gm -1 fresh weight for total chlorophyll content, 3.533 flowers per plant -1 , 20.830 days for flower age, and 31.436 mm per plant -1 for flower diameter. Furthermore, the combined Fe 3 K 4 intervention treatment, which included the simultaneous application of nano-iron oxide (100 mg L -1 ) and potassium (5 g L -1 ), showcased notable effects on the growth and flowering characteristics of the baby rose. gave a significant superiority in the above-mentioned characteristics by giving the highest rates and amounted to 41.287 cm plant -1 , 617.33 cm plant -1 , 36.093 mg gm -1 fresh weight, 4.456 flowers per plant -1 , 23.963 days, 35.317 mm per plant -1 , respectively, compared to the control treatment, and the percentage increase between the intervention treatment was 74.94%, 136.87%, 56.36%, 210.30%, 158.13%, and 61.87%, respectively.

Abstract Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a congenitally reduced head circumference (-3 to -5 SD) and non-progressive intellectual disability. The objective of the study was to evaluate pathogenic mutations in the ASPM gene to understand etiology and molecular mechanism of primary microcephaly. Blood samples were collected from various families across different remote areas of Pakistan from February 2017 to May 2019 who were identified to be affected with primary microcephaly. DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method; the quality and quantity of DNA were evaluated using spectrophotometry and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively in University of the Punjab. Mutation analysis was performed by whole exome sequencing from the Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne. Sanger sequencing was done in University of the Punjab to confirm the pathogenic nature of mutation. A novel 4-bp deletion mutation c.3877_3880delGAGA was detected in exon 17 of the ASPM gene in two primary microcephaly affected families (A and B), which resulted in a frame shift mutation in the gene followed by truncated protein synthesis (p.Glu1293Lysfs*10), as well as the loss of the calmodulin-binding IQ domain and the Armadillo-like domain in the ASPM protein. Using the in-silico tools Mutation Taster, PROVEAN, and PolyPhen, the pathogenic effect of this novel mutation was tested; it was predicted to be “disease causing,” with high pathogenicity scores. One previously reported mutation in exon 24 (c.9730C>T) of the ASPM gene resulting in protein truncation (p.Arg3244*) was also observed in family C. Mutations in the ASPM gene are the most common cause of MCPH in most cases. Therefore, enrolling additional affected families from remote areas of Pakistan would help in identifying or mapping novel mutations in the ASPM gene of primary microcephaly. Resumo Microcefalia primária autossômica recessiva (MCPH) é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por uma redução congênita do perímetro cefálico (-3 a -5 DP) e deficiência intelectual não progressiva. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar mutações patogênicas no gene ASPM a fim de compreender a etiologia e o mecanismo molecular da microcefalia primária. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de várias famílias em diferentes áreas remotas do Paquistão de fevereiro de 2017 a maio de 2019, que foram identificadas como afetadas com microcefalia primária. A extração do DNA foi realizada pelo método salting-out; a qualidade e a quantidade de DNA foram avaliadas por espectrofotometria e eletroforese em gel de agarose a 1%, respectivamente, na Universidade de Punjab. A análise de mutação foi realizada por sequenciamento completo do exoma do Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne. O sequenciamento de Sanger foi feito na Universidade do Punjab para confirmar a natureza patogênica da mutação. Uma nova mutação de deleção de 4 bp c.3877_3880delGAGA foi detectada no exon 17 do gene ASPM em duas famílias afetadas por microcefalia primária (A e B), que resultou em uma mutação de frame shift no gene seguida por síntese de proteína truncada (pGlu1293Lysfs * 10), bem como a perda do domínio IQ de ligação à calmodulina e o domínio do tipo Armadillo na proteína ASPM. Usando as ferramentas in-silico Mutation Taster, PROVEAN e PolyPhen, o efeito patogênico dessa nova mutação foi testado; foi previsto ser “causador de doenças”, com altos escores de patogenicidade. Uma mutação relatada anteriormente no exon 24 (c.9730C > T) do gene ASPM, resultando em truncamento de proteína (p.Arg3244 *) também foi observada na família C. Mutações no gene ASPM são a causa mais comum de MCPH na maioria dos casos . Portanto, a inscrição de famílias afetadas adicionais de áreas remotas do Paquistão ajudaria a identificar ou mapear novas mutações no gene ASPM da microcefalia primária.

In this research work, the effect of ionic radii of various rare earth ions on structural and magnetic properties of spinel ferrites having the composition MFe2-yREyO4 (y = 0, 0.2) (where M = Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn, and RE = La, Ce, and Tb and Dy) have been studied. XRD reflections for Tb3+/Dy3+ and Ce3+ substitution ensured phase purity of FCC structure formation with no additional impurities. But we have observed secondary phases for lanthanum substituted spinel ferrites due to its larger ionic radii as compared to host crystal. Crystallite sizes and lattice parameters are found to show decreasing trend with decreasing ionic radii of dopant rare earth ions. The magnetic parameters for all prepared samples were discussed by tracing hysteresis curves measured at room temperature. VSM data demonstrated that magnetization of investigated samples was found to be increased with substitution of larger ionic radii ions which is attributed to spin-canting effect and increase of crystallite. Furthermore, the dopants having smaller ionic radii have possessed high coercivity and improved initial permeability. On the basis of these characteristics, these synthesized materials could be suggested for various industrial and technological applications.

Powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases in the world, causing substantial grain yield losses and quality reduction in cereal crops. At present 23 powdery mildew resistance genes have been identified in rye, of which the majority are in wheat-rye translocation lines developed for wheat improvement. Here, we investigated the genetics underlying powdery mildew resistance in the Gülzow-type elite hybrid rye ( Secale cereale L.) breeding germplasm. In total, 180 inbred breeding lines were genotyped using the state-of-the-art 600 K SNP array and phenotyped for infection type against three distinct field populations of B. graminis f. sp. secalis from Northern Germany (2013 and 2018) and Denmark (2020). We observed a moderate level of powdery mildew resistance in the non-restorer germplasm population, and by performing a genome-wide association study using 261,406 informative SNP markers, we identified a powdery mildew resistance locus, provisionally denoted PmNOS1, on the distal tip of chromosome arm 7RL. Using recent advances in rye genomic resources, we investigated whether nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes residing in the identified 17 Mbp block associated with PmNOS1 on recent reference genomes resembled known Pm genes.

Current standard therapy for patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) consists of anticoagulant therapy and graduated elastic compression stockings. Despite use of this strategy, the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) develops frequently, causes substantial patient disability, and impairs quality of life. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT), which rapidly removes acute venous thrombus, may reduce the frequency of PTS. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in a large multicenter randomized trial. The ATTRACT Study is an ongoing National Institutes of Health–sponsored, Phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded, parallel two-arm, controlled clinical trial. Approximately 692 patients with acute proximal DVT involving the femoral, common femoral, and/or iliac vein are being randomized to receive PCDT + standard therapy versus standard therapy alone. The primary study hypothesis is that PCDT will reduce the proportion of patients who develop PTS within 2 years by one-third, assessed using the Villalta Scale. Secondary outcomes include safety, general and venous disease-specific quality of life, relief of early pain and swelling, and cost-effectiveness. ATTRACT will determine if PCDT should be routinely used to prevent PTS in patients with symptomatic proximal DVT above the popliteal vein.

The adulteration of milk fat in dairy products with less expensive non-milk-based fats, vegetable oils and animal fats are a common occurrence in the dairy industry. In this study, some imported and local yogurt which is consumed widely in Sulaymaniyah Governorate was investigated for detecting foreign fat. Fat percent in all brands were less than recorded on their labels, among Iranian brands, Manizan has the lowest fat content, the same result was obtained for local brand (Halla). The Reichert Meissl (RM) number was varying among the imported and local brands, and it was 12.32 and 3.85 for Mersin and Pegah brands, respectively. The fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat in yogurt samples was studied using GC-MS, and it was showed many differences in fatty acid profiles of yoghurt samples, the highest level of butyric acid (C4:0) appears in Jwanro brand, it is nearly absent in Halla brand. The amount of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in all unbranded samples yogurt are higher than that appear in the milk fat.

Considering that most asphalt concrete pavement distresses are fracture-related, evaluating and quantifying mix fracture properties is essential to improved pavement design. Therefore, the first step of the study, a pre-development phase, determines the optimal value for adding waste aluminum scrap powder (WASP) with a fraction size of 2.36-0.075 mm to mixes. Based on previous digital image analysis (DIA), AlDoz and AlNibaa’e aggregates were selected from seven central, northern, and southern Iraq sources. The second post-development phase studies the testing factors of a reliable and practical semi-circular bending (SCB) test for assessing asphalt concrete mixture fracture properties at intermediate service temperatures. The development and calibration of the Marshall System into the SCB-Tester, which switched from analog to digital and computerized control, accurately predicted reference and modified mix fracture characteristics at 50.8 mm/min. Three notch lengths (25, 32, and 38) mm were selected to be studied. Five percentages of WASP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) percent were added by weight to the entire mix and compared to the reference mixture. Results indicate that 1.5% WASP decreases fracture severity and stiffen AlNibaa’e and AlDoz mixes. Increased fracture strength and toughness of modified mixes relative to the reference may dramatically increase asphalt concrete fracture resistance. Even though a higher evaluation for AlNibaa’e mixes than AlDoz with an expected difference, the impact of modifying appears to be an effective influence for AlDoz mixes with determination factors (R2) of 0.9788 and 0.9889 than that of AlNibaa’e modified coarse and fine mixes, which have R2 of 0.8535 and 0.8461, respectively.

Bacterial motility is essential for environmental colonization, adaptation and pathogenesis. The present study was conducted to describe the motility variation of bacterial isolates from diverse ecological niches using phenotypic and molecular identification methods. Nine bacterial strains were isolated on chromogenic agar and identified by VITEK 2 biochemical profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolated strains were Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus rhizoplanae, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudocitrobacter faecalis, and Burkholderia metallica. Motility experiments were tested under different environmental conditions of temperature (28ºC and 40ºC), pH (4 and 9), and laser exposure. The results showed that there were species-specific motility patterns with the greatest motility seen in E. coli and Bacillus species, particularly with laser exposure. Acidic pH powerfully suppressed motility in all isolates, and alkaline conditions enabled partial recovery in some strains such as Bacillus rhizoplanae and Burkholderia metallica. Motility was greatly enhanced by laser exposure in numerous taxa, suggesting potential phototactic or stress-response effects. Phylogenetic analysis reconfirmed the evolutionary status of the isolates and validated the noted phenotypic diversity. This study highlights the range of motility behavior in environmental bacterial isolates and illustrates the value of combining biochemical and molecular strategies in general bacterial characterization. The findings contribute to an appreciation of microbial behavior and adaptability to environmental stresses with relevance to ecological microbiology and biotechnology applications.