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One hundred years after the publication of History and Class Consciousness, it is imperative to revisit the classic work of Georg Lukács to discuss the relevance of his ideas in a world where the capitalist mode of production does not cease to show its devastating effects. To do so, we divide the article into two sections. In the first part, we place Lukács’ work in dialogue with that of Hegel and Marx in order to clarify the status of violence as an ontological condition of history, allowing us to determine the theoretical-practical framework from which social revolution can be conceptualized. In the second section, we analyze Lukács’ notion of class consciousness not as a historical fatality but as an act of self-determination of the proletariat. We compare this proposal with the current situation of gentrification of the proletariat which, far from invalidating the Hungarian author’s proposal, constitutes its reversal and the platform for its actualization. Ultimately, it is about the proletarian still today taking control and becoming, through class consciousness, the subject-object of history. We conclude by reinterpreting Lukács’ terms in a practice that counters a reactionary position in order to combat both the reactionary movements and the hedonistic immobilism of the proletariat.

In the light of some recent criticisms, this text seeks to promote a debate that takes place on two fronts: on the one hand, the logic of the origin of logic and, on the other hand, the relationship between psychoanalysis and Marxism. To this end, some texts published by Alain Badiou towards the end of the 1960s, in which he polemicizes with Jacques-Alain Miller around the concepts of \"suture\" and \"subject\" (Zizek), are recovered in order to situate both the different positions and the coherent reconsiderations throughout his intellectual trajectory. Indeed, from \"The Concept of the Model\" to his most recent trilogy (Theory of the Subject, Being and the Event and Logic of Worlds), a perspective is proposed that, far from establishing hierarchies and subordinations, seeks to promote connections based on specificities and differences through that particular path that is philosophy. In this way it is possible to appreciate that, despite his critique of the primacy of the logic of the signifier, the concepts proposed by Jacques Lacan functioned as a notorious source of inspiration for Badiou, especially in relation to the subject of the unconscious.

One hundred years after the publication of History and Class Consciousness, it is imperative to revisit the classic work of Georg Lukács to discuss the relevance of his ideas in a world where the capitalist mode of production does not cease to show its devastating effects. To do so, we divide the article into two sections. In the first part, we place Lukács’ work in dialogue with that of Hegel and Marx in order to clarify the status of violence as an ontological condition of history, allowing us to determine the theoretical-practical framework from which social revolution can be conceptualized. In the second section, we analyze Lukács’ notion of class consciousness not as a historical fatality but as an act of self-determination of the proletariat. We compare this proposal with the current situation of gentrification of the proletariat which, far from invalidating the Hungarian author’s proposal, constitutes its reversal and the platform for its actualization. Ultimately, it is about the proletarian still today taking control and becoming, through class consciousness, the subject-object of history. We conclude by reinterpreting Lukács’ terms in a practice that counters a reactionary position in order to combat both the reactionary movements and the hedonistic immobilism of the proletariat. A cien años de la publicación de Historia y conciencia de clase, resulta necesario revisitar la clásica obra de Georg Lukács para discutir la actualidad de sus planteamientos en un mundo donde el modo de producción capitalista no deja de mostrar sus efectos devastadores. Para esto, dividimos el artículo en dos apartados. En la primera parte, ponemos en diálogo la obra de Lukács con la de Hegel y Marx para precisar la violencia como condición ontológica de la historia, y establecer cuál es el estatuto teórico-práctico desde el cual se puede pensar la revolución social. En el segundo apartado, analizamos la noción de conciencia de clase de Lukács no como una fatalidad histórica, sino como un acto de autodeterminación del proletariado. Asimismo, cotejamos esta propuesta con la situación actual de aburguesamiento del proletariado que, lejos de invalidar el planteamiento del autor húngaro, constituye su revés y la plataforma de su actualización. Se trata, a fin de cuentas, de que todavía hoy el proletario tome el timón y devenga, por medio de la conciencia de clase, sujeto-objeto de la historia. Concluimos con una reinterpretación de los términos de Lukács en una práctica que deseche una posición reaccionaria para combatir frontalmente tanto los movimientos reaccionarios como el inmovilismo hedonista del proletariado. Cem anos após a publicação de História e consciência de classe, é necessário revisitar a obra clássica de Georg Lukács para discutir a atualidade de suas proposições em um mundo onde o modo de produção capitalista continua a mostrar seus efeitos devastadores. Para isso, dividimos o artigo em duas seções. Na primeira parte, colocamos aobra de Lukács em diálogo com a de Hegel e Marx, a fim de definir a violência como condição ontológica da história e estabelecer o status teórico-prático a partir do qual a revolução social pode ser pensada. Na segunda seção, analisamos a noção de Lukács de consciência de classe não como fatalidade histórica, mas como ato de autodeterminação do proletariado. Além disso, comparamos essa proposta com a situação atual de burguesização do proletariado que, longe de invalidar a abordagem do autor húngaro, constitui sua reversão e a plataforma para sua atualização. Em última análise, é uma questão de o proletário ainda hoje assumir o controle e tornar-se, por meio da consciência de classe, o sujeito-objeto da história. Concluímos com uma reinterpretação dos termos de Lukács em uma prática que descarta uma posição reacionária a fim de combater de frente tanto os movimentos reacionários quanto o imobilismo hedonista do proletariado.

A cien años de la publicación de Historia y conciencia de clase, resulta necesario revisitar la clásica obra de Georg Lukács para discutir la actualidad de sus planteamientos en un mundo donde el modo de producción capitalista no deja de mostrar sus efectos devastadores. Para esto, dividimos el artículo en dos apartados. En la primera parte, ponemos en diálogo la obra de Lukács con la de Hegel y Marx para precisar la violencia como condición ontológica de la historia, y establecer cuál es el estatuto teórico-práctico desde el cual se puede pensar la revolución social. En el segundo apartado, analizamos la noción de conciencia de clase de Lukács no como una fatalidad histórica, sino como un acto de autodeterminación del proletariado. Asimismo, cotejamos esta propuesta con la situación actual de aburguesamiento del proletariado que, lejos de invalidar el planteamiento del autor húngaro, constituye su revés y la plataforma de su actualización. Se trata, a fin de cuentas, de que todavía hoy el proletario tome el timón y devenga, por medio de la conciencia de clase, sujeto-objeto de la historia. Concluimos con una reinterpretación de los términos de Lukács en una práctica que deseche una posición reaccionaria para combatir frontalmente tanto los movimientos reaccionarios como el inmovilismo hedonista del proletariado.

The ongoing digitization of historical photographs in archives allows investigating the quality, quantity, and distribution of these images. However, the exact interior and exterior camera orientations of these photographs are usually lost during the digitization process. The proposed method uses content-based image retrieval (CBIR) to filter exterior images of single buildings in combination with metadata information. The retrieved photographs are automatically processed in an adapted structure-from-motion (SfM) pipeline to determine the camera parameters. In an interactive georeferencing process, the calculated camera positions are transferred into a global coordinate system. As all image and camera data are efficiently stored in the proposed 4D database, they can be conveniently accessed afterward to georeference newly digitized images by using photogrammetric triangulation and spatial resection. The results show that the CBIR and the subsequent SfM are robust methods for various kinds of buildings and different quantity of data. The absolute accuracy of the camera positions after georeferencing lies in the range of a few meters likely introduced by the inaccurate LOD2 models used for transformation. The proposed photogrammetric method, the database structure, and the 4D visualization interface enable adding historical urban photographs and 3D models from other locations.

Chemosaturation (CS; CHEMOSAT®, Delcath Systems Inc.) temporarily administers melphalan into the liver by percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP). CS-PHP can effectively control growth in liver tumors, but efficacy and tolerability of sequential treatments are unclear. We analyzed outcomes of sequential CS-PHP treatment. Patients with either unresectable intrahepatic metastases of ocular melanoma (OM, n = 9), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA, n = 3), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 1) were recruited retrospectively. Response was assessed by tomography imaging. Ten patients (mean age 60 years) with more than one CS-PHP treatment were included. CS-PHP was administered 2–6 times in the OM patients, 3 times in the CCA, and the HCC patient received 6 treatments. Overall response rate (ORR) to CS-PHP was 80%, and stable disease was achieved in one patient. Median hepatic progression-free survival (hPFS) was 336 days (range 0–354) for OM, 251 days for the CCA patient, and 256 days for the HCC patient. At the end of observation (153–701 days after first CS-PHP), 6/10 patients were still alive (5/9 with OM, 0 with CCA, and 1 with HCC). Death cases were not related to CS-PHP. Adverse events were mostly hematologic, grade I-IV, and self-resolving. The liver function was not deteriorated by CS-PHP. We conclude that repeated CS-PHP treatments were effective and well tolerated in the long term.

Wide field Raman imaging using the integral field spectroscopy approach was used as a fast, one shot imaging method for the simultaneous collection of all spectra composing a Raman image. For the suppression of autofluorescence and background signals such as room light, shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) was applied to remove background artifacts in Raman spectra. To reduce acquisition times in wide field SERDS imaging, we adapted the nod and shuffle technique from astrophysics and implemented it into a wide field SERDS imaging setup. In our adapted version, the nod corresponds to the change in excitation wavelength, whereas the shuffle corresponds to the shifting of charges up and down on a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) chip synchronous to the change in excitation wavelength. We coupled this improved wide field SERDS imaging setup to diode lasers with 784.4/785.5 and 457.7/458.9 nm excitation and applied it to samples such as paracetamol and aspirin tablets, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate beads, as well as pork meat using multiple accumulations with acquisition times in the range of 50 to 200 ms. The results tackle two main challenges of SERDS imaging: gradual photobleaching changes the autofluorescence background, and multiple readouts of CCD detector prolong the acquisition time.

The induction of an interferon-mediated response is the first line of defense against pathogens such as viruses. Yet, the dynamics and extent of interferon alpha (IFNα)-induced antiviral genes vary remarkably and comprise three expression clusters: early, intermediate and late. By mathematical modeling based on time-resolved quantitative data, we identified mRNA stability as well as a negative regulatory loop as key mechanisms endogenously controlling the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes in hepatocytes. Guided by the mathematical model, we uncovered that this regulatory loop is mediated by the transcription factor IRF2 and showed that knock-down of IRF2 results in enhanced expression of early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Co-stimulation experiments with different pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that this amplified expression dynamics of the early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes can also be achieved by co-application of IFNα and interleukin1 beta (IL1β). Consistently, we found that IL1β enhances IFNα-mediated repression of viral replication. Conversely, we observed that in IL1β receptor knock-out mice replication of viruses sensitive to IFNα is increased. Thus, IL1β is capable to potentiate IFNα-induced antiviral responses and could be exploited to improve antiviral therapies.

Nine out of 19 genes encoding GABA A receptor subunits have been linked to monogenic syndromes characterized by seizures and developmental disorders. Previously, we reported the de novo variant p.(Thr300Ile) in GABRA4 in a patient with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, no new cases have been reported since then. Through an international collaboration, we collected molecular and phenotype data of individuals carrying de novo variants in GABRA4 . Patients and their parents were investigated either by exome or genome sequencing, followed by targeted Sanger sequencing in some cases. All variants within the transmembrane domain, including the previously reported p.(Thr300Ile) variant, were characterized in silico and analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. We identified three novel de novo missense variants in GABRA4 (NM_000809.4): c.797 C > T, p.(Pro266Leu), c.899 C > A, p.(Thr300Asn), and c.634 G > A, p.(Val212Ile). The p.(Thr300Asn) variant impacts the same codon as the previously reported variant p.(Thr300Ile) and likely arose post-zygotically as evidenced by sequencing oral mucosal cells. Overlapping phenotypes among affected individuals included developmental delay (4/4), epileptiform EEG abnormalities (3/4), attention deficits (3/4), seizures (2/4), autistic features (2/4) and structural brain abnormalities (2/4). MD simulations of the three variants within the transmembrane domain of the receptor indicate that sub-microsecond scale dynamics differ between wild-type and mutated subunits. Taken together, our findings further corroborate an association between GABRA4 and a neurological phenotype including variable neurodevelopmental, behavioral and epileptic abnormalities.

Background Most extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANS, postmenstrual age at birth (PMA) < 28 completed weeks) require supplemental oxygen and experience frequent intermittent hypoxemic and hyperoxemic episodes. Hypoxemic episodes and exposure to inadequately high concentrations of oxygen are associated with an increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), chronic lung disease of prematurity (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and death beyond 36 weeks PMA. Closed-loop automated control of the inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FiO 2 -C) reduces time outside the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) target range, number and duration of hypo- and hyperoxemic episodes and caregivers’ workload. Effects on clinically important outcomes in ELGANs such as ROP, BPD, NEC, NDI and mortality have not yet been studied. Methods An outcome-assessor-blinded, randomized controlled, parallel-group trial was designed and powered to study the effect of FiO 2 -C (in addition to routine manual control (RMC) of FiO 2 ), compared to RMC only, on death and severe complications related to hypoxemia and/or hyperoxemia. 2340 ELGANS with a GA of 23 + 0/7 to 27 + 6/7 weeks will be recruited in approximately 75 European tertiary care neonatal centers. Study participants are randomly assigned to RMC (control-group) or FiO 2 -C in addition to RMC (intervention-group). Central randomization is stratified for center, gender and PMA at birth (< 26 weeks and ≥ 26 weeks). FiO 2 -C is provided by commercially available and CE-marked ventilators with an FiO 2 -C algorithm intended for use in newborn infants. The primary outcome variable (composite of death, severe ROP, BPD or NEC) is assessed at 36 weeks PMA (or, in case of ROP, until complete vascularization of the retina, respectively). The co-primary outcome variable (composite outcome of death, language/cognitive delay, motor impairment, severe visual impairment or hearing impairment) is assessed at 24 months corrected age. Discussion Short-term studies on FiO 2 -C showed improved time ELGANs spent within their assigned SpO 2 target range, but effects of FiO 2 -C on clinical outcomes are yet unknown and will be addressed in the FiO 2 -C trial. This will ensure an appropriate assessment of safety and efficacy before FiO 2 -C may be implemented as standard therapy. Trial registration The study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03168516 , May 30, 2017.