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In this paper, we present the experimental analysis of the parameter T (temperature) as a function of the cumulative number n c of π – - mesons, K 0 - mesons and protons produced in π – C interactions at 40 GeV/ c . On the basis of this analysis, we determined a dependence between the half mass of the particle ( m i /2) and the target mass value ( m c = m p n c ), which is required from the target for the production of the particle. We suggest that the dependence between the two masses mentioned above may be related to the beginning of the mixed phase with constant temperature.

In this paper, we proposed to study the phase transition process to use the new pair of variables, the temperature T and the cumulative number nc (T,nc). We considered the transverse energy spectra of protons and π−-mesons produced in π−-C interactions at 40 GeV/c as a function of cumulative number nc (or four-dimensional momentum transfer t) and the baryonic chemical potential μb(√t). Obtained results indicate the possible appearance of QCD phase transition of nuclear matter.

The new JINR project [1] is aimed at studies of highly excited nuclear matter created in nuclei by a high-energy deuteron beam. The matter is studied through observation of its particular decay products - pairs of energetic particles with a wide opening angle, close to 180°. The new precision hybrid magnetic spectrometer SCAN-3 is to be built for detecting charged (π±, K±, p) and neutral (n) particles produced at the JINR Nuclotron internal target in dA collisions. One of the main and complex tasks is a study of low-energy ηA interaction and a search for η-bound states (η-mesic nuclei). Basic elements of the spectrometer and its characteristics are discussed in the article.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (√sNN = 2-4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter, namely, the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars, effects of chiral symmetry, and the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB ≥ 500 MeV). We are focusing here on the contribution of JINR to the CBM experiment: design of the superconducting dipole magnet; manufacture of the straw and micro-strip silicon detectors, participation in the data taking and analysis algorithms and physics program.

. The self-consistent approach based on the similarity of inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in pp and AA collisions is reviewed. We suggest its modification due to the quark-gluon dynamics to describe the inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in pp collision as a function of the transverse momentum p t at mid-rapidity. The extension of this approach to analyze the pion p t -spectra produced in AA collision at high and middle energies and mid-rapidity is given. The satisfactory description of experimental data on these spectra in pp and AA collisions within the offered approach is shown.

The calculation of inclusive spectra of pions produced in pp and AA collisions as functions of the rapidity y is presented within the self-similarity approach. It is shown that at not too large rapidities y one can obtain an analytical form of the self-similarity function Π ( y , p t ) dependent on y and on the hadron transverse momentum p t . A satisfactory description of the data on rapidity spectra at | y | ≤ 0.3 is presented within the approach applied. The energy dependence of these spectra is also shown to be universal.

Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158  GeV / c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations Δ [ P T , N ] , Σ [ P T , N ] and Φ p T are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations for the independent particle production. They also depend on charges of selected hadrons. The string-resonance Monte Carlo models Epos and U r qmd do not describe the data. The scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is significantly higher in inelastic p+p interactions than in central Pb+Pb collisions measured by NA49 at the same energy per nucleon. This is in qualitative disagreement with the predictions of the Wounded Nucleon Model. Within the statistical framework the enhanced multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions can be interpreted as due to event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball energy and/or volume.

The compressed baryonic matter (CBM) is intended for studying high-energy nuclear-nuclear collisions in the FAIR international heavy-ion facility. The objective of the experiment is to study the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics at high baryonic density and at moderate temperature. The experimental problem is to identify hadrons and leptons and to record rare processes occurring in ion collisions under conditions with very high multiplicity of charged and neutral particles. More than 50 scientific centers are participating in the experiment. About 150 Russian physicists are participating in the work on almost all subsystems of the experiment.

The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron studies the onset of deconfinement in strongly interacting matter through a beam energy scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei of varied sizes. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities ofπ^(±) ,K^(±) ,pandp̄produced in⁴⁰ Ar+ ⁴⁵ Sc collisions at beam momenta of 13 A , 19 A , 30 A , 40 A , 75 Aand 150 AGeV/ c . The analysis uses the 10% most central collisions, where the observed forward energy defines centrality. The energy dependence of theK^(±) / π^(±)ratios as well as of inverse slope parameters of theK^(±)transverse mass distributions are placed in between those found in inelasticp + pand central Pb+Pb collisions. The results obtained here establish a system-size dependence of hadron production properties that so far cannot be explained either within statistical (SMES, HRG) or dynamical (EPOS, UrQMD, PHSD, SMASH) models.

Results are presented on the identification of the unstable nuclei 8Be and 9B and the Hoyle state (HS) in the relativistic dissociation of the isotopes 9Be, 10B, 10C, 11C, 12C, and 16O in a nuclear track emulsion (NTE). The main motivation for the study is the prospect of using these states in the search for more complex unstable states that decay with their participation. The possibilities of the NTE method for studying the contribution of multiple ensembles of the lightest He and H nuclei to the fragmentation of relativistic nuclei are described in brief. It is shown that to identify relativistic decays 8Be and 9B and HS in NTE, it is sufficient to determine the invariant mass as a function of angles in pairs and triples of He and H fragments in the approximation of conservation of momentum per nucleon of the parent nucleus. The formation of HS in the dissociation 16O → 4α is observed. According to the criteria established in this way, the contribution of the unstable states to the relativistic fragmentation of 28Si and 197Au nuclei was estimated. Promising applications of the NTE method in the study of nuclear fragmentation are discussed.