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AimTo determine predictors of rescue treatment among infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity and to evaluate their ocular outcomes at 18–24 months of corrected age.MethodsThis is a single centre retrospective study of infants who received treatment for type 1 ROP, using laser photocoagulation or anti VEGF agents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to generate a prediction model for rescue treatment of ROP. The primary outcome was an abnormal refractive outcome by 24 months of corrected age, among infants primarily treated with laser therapy.ResultsTwo hundred and eight infants (including 416 eyes) who received single (n = 151) or rescue (multiple) treatments (n = 57) were included. Ninety three percent of the infants were primarily treated with laser photocoagulation. Lower gestational age, small for gestational age, early packed red blood cell transfusion (within 2 weeks of postnatal age), and presence of Zone 1 retinopathy predicted the need for rescue treatment in treated infants [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81 (0.73–0.89)]. The incidence of abnormal refractive outcome, assessed in a total of 174 infants, was found to be significantly higher in the rescue treatment group (67% versus 21%, adjusted odds ratio: 7.56 (3.3–17.2), P < 0.001). Myopia, very high myopia and use of spectacles was significantly higher in the rescue treatment group (P < 0.001 for each).ConclusionsRescue treatment for ROP was associated with an increased incidence of refractive errors and requirement of spectacles by 2 years of age. Larger prospective multicentre studies are required to confirm the findings from our study.

A study was carried out to investigate the various posterior segment presentations of intraocular cysticercosis and their management. A retrospective study of five consecutive cases of intraocular cysticercosis seen at our institute was done. Pars plana vitreous surgery for removal of intact cysts was done in all cases. Complete removal of the intact cyst through the pars plana route was achieved in all cases. Postoperative periods were uneventful, with visual recovery to 6/9 or better in all cases. Complete surgical removal of the intact cyst can result in good functional recovery in eyes with intraocular cysticercosis.

The objective of this paper is to identify the CSR activities, sustainable measures and its uniqueness undertaken by these industries to uplift the tribal people and its rural impact. These industries, along with the government, are promoting and funding small scale enterprises, and are taking initiatives to boost the startup ecosystem. We have used Exploratory and cross-sectional research design. We have studied sustainability in a single snapshot of the critical industries in Jharkhand. We have collected data through interviews, journals, articles, annual reports and sustainability reports. The findings reveal that innovation is a vital element for sustainable business. This study also shows the impact of sustainability measures undertaken by these industries in the development of rural Jharkhand. It further lays down a conceptual foundation model along with policy and strategy level implications.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the power to change the economy and lives. This paper highlights how AI can transform Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India. It explores the competencies which an organization can gain by linking its socially responsible activities with AI. Unlike developed countries, AI is in a very nascent stage in India. On the other hand, it is mandatory for the organization to undertake CSR initiatives in India. Results reveal that organizations can be more efficient in their business operations if they incorporate AI technology with CSR. The amalgamation of AI and CSR can work wonders for an organization to be sustainable in India. This study tries to conceptualise AI into CSR through a theoretical model which needs further feasibility testing.

Pharmacies have hit the internet and received a warm response. Against the traditional way of buying medicines from pharmacy stores after seeking a medical advice, people are getting adapted to buying medicines online. A common practice among the druggists is to provide a substitute medicine. Customers are highly concerned and sensitive about their health. People are well aware of the fact that medicines though cure, are accompanied with major or minor side effects. Online availability of medicines has brought revolution in the health sector. Online pharmacies in India are in a nascent stage right now but have immense potential for growth. Online medicine market is growing at an exponential rate. Indian consumers are welcoming the trend of online buying of medicines. Online pharmacies provide facilities like home delivery, easy access and reminders to customers along with pocket-friendly offers. For marketers, it becomes all the more important to cater to the mindset of customers. Existing literature in the Indian context is limited to online buying of drugs by consumers without being specific to generic or non-generic. This brings forward a research gap to explore the online buying behaviour of consumers with respect to generic as well as nongeneric medicines.