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The food industry uses essential oils derived from natural sources as flavouring and preservatives. The purpose of this study is to investigate how temperature affects the essential oil extracted from Trachyspermum ammi, seeds which has the best antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, in order to find a green substitute for toxic chemically produced preservatives used in food and pharmaceutical chemistry. Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain seeds) seeds were hydrodistilled at various temperatures (60°C to 90°C). The amount of essential oil was found to decrease on increasing temperature (2.1ml, 1.5 ml and 1.0 ml at 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C respectively). Hence, 70°C was the ideal temperature for extracting the essential oil from ajwain seeds. 25 components were discovered in the essential oil extracted from ajwain seeds by GC-MS technique. The predominant ingredient was shown to be thymol (31.40%). The percentages of scavenger activity against hydrogen peroxide were 70.75%, 86.99%, and 95.28% for 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C respectively. Due to the presence of the largest concentration of thymol (67.66%), the results showed that essential oil extracted at 90°C demonstrated the highest level of antioxidant property. By using the disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial activity of an essential oil made from ajwain seeds was evaluated. MIC50 of standard essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi seeds against gram positive strain was observed 10 µL/mL of culture and 25µL/mL of culture was observed against gram negative bacteria. Essential oil extracted at 70°C showed antimicrobial activity by forming zones of inhibition with diameters including discs of 18.3 mm and 14.36 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Essential oil extracted at 80°C produced zones of inhibition with diameters of 18.68 mm and 15.30 mm, respectively. In the case of essential oil extracted at 90°C, the zones of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli had diameters of 18.690.3 mm and 15.38 mm, respectively. As a result, using Trachyspermum ammi essential oil as a food preservative and the temperature at which it is extracted are unaffected by an increase in extraction temperature. Hence, essential oil obtained from Trachyspermum ammi seeds can be used as green alternative of chemically synthesized toxic preservatives used in food and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Spherical agglomerations are often defined as \"A novel particle engineering techniques by which agglomeration are often administered simultaneously in one step to rework crystals directly into compacted spherical form.1-3. Besides producing spherical crystals it also enables co-precipitation of medicine and encapsulating polymers within the sort of spherical particles. this system also can be exploited to extend solubility, dissolution and hence bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs4,5. the 2 most ordinarily used techniques of spherical agglomeration are wet spherical agglomeration method (WSA), quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method (QESD, Transient emulsion)6,7. CCA may be a novel technique developed to beat the restrictions of spherical crystallization. it's a modification of the spherical crystallization technique and used for size enlargement of all, low dose, high dose, poorly compressible drugs and combination of medicine with or without diluents. during this technique drug is directly crystallized and agglomerated together with an excipient or with another drug with help of bridging liquid. The FTIR spectroscopy was employed to further characterize the possible interaction between drug and excipients in the solid state on an Infrared spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Affinity-l) by conventional KBr plate method. 1:1 of drug sample was mixed with powdered potassium bromide. Standard Calibration Curve of Zolmitriptan Hydrochloride: A UV absorption maximum was determined by scanning 10pg/ml solution of aceclofenac and curcumin in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8, by using UV-visible spectrophotometer.

Ovarian cancer, the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the United States, is one of the few solid tumors in which the five-year survival rate for patients has improved in recent years. 1 , 2 Nevertheless, most women with advanced ovarian cancer die of the disease. Even those with stage III cancer and minimal residual intraperitoneal masses (<2 cm in the greatest dimension) have a median survival of only about 40 months. 3 , 4 Standard chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer includes a platinum analogue (either cisplatin or carboplatin). In an attempt to maximize its activity against ovarian cancer, cisplatin has been . . .

Compared with single unit dosage form, multiunit controlled release drug delivery systems like micro beads, microcapsules and microspheres are becoming popular as they pass through the gut avoiding the vagaries of gastric emptying and different transit rates spread over a large area of absorbing mucosa preventing exposure to high drug concentration and release drug in a more predictable manner. The swelling characteristics were studied by the following formula: SR = (Ws-Wd)/Wd were, Ws= weight of swollen beads and Wd= weight of dried beads In-vitro Dissolution Study[14-16]: The in-vitro drug release study of prepared microbeads of Zolmitriptan Hydrochloride was carried out by using USP-type II basket apparatus following a pH progression method i.e. pH 1.2 for first 2 h, pH 6.8 for next 3 h and pH 7.4 for rest of studies The prepared formulation batches of FZ1, FZ2, FZ3, FZ4, FZ5, FZ6, FZ7, FZ8 microbeads were put into the basket separately and rotated at a constant speed of 50rpm at a maintained temperature of 37±50C in 900ml of phosphate buffer as a dissolution medium. [...]when n > 1.0 super case II transport is apparent. The value of n was the formulation FZ4 was found to be 1.351 and of FZ7 was found to be 0.491. [...]it was found to be that the optimized formulation FZ4 exhibited super case II transport.

Giant quartz veins (GQVs; earlier referred to as 'quartz reefs') occurring in the Archean Bundelkhand Craton (29,000 km^sup 2^) represent a gigantic Precambrian (2.15 Ga) silica-rich fluid activity in the central Indian shield. These veins form a striking curvilinear feature with positive relief having a preferred orientation NE-SW to NNE-SSW in the Bundelkhand Craton. Their outcrop widths vary from ≤1 to 70m and pervasively extend over tens of kilometers along the strike over the entire craton. Numerous younger thin quartz veins with somewhat similar orientation cut across the giant quartz veins. They show imprints of strong brittle to ductile-brittle deformation, and in places are associated with base metal and gold incidences, and pyrophyllite-diaspore mineralization. The geochemistry of giant quartz veins were studied. Apart from presenting new data on the geology and geochemistry of these veins, an attempt has been made to resolve the long standing debate on their origin, in favour of an emplacement due to tectonically controlled polyphase hydrothermal fluid activity.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Detailed flow measurements are essential for analysing flow structures found in confined spaces, particularly in various automotive applications. These measurements will be extremely helpful in solving flow dependent complexities. Although considerable progress has been made in computational techniques for investigating such flows, experimental flow measurements are still very difficult to carry out therein. Flows mapped using an array of robust instruments like multi-hole pressure probes can provide significant insight into the flow field of such complex flows. Pressure probes can withstand the harsh environments found in such applications; however being intrusive devices significant interference in flow field can limit their applicability. This paper presents an investigation of three-dimensional interference caused by multi-hole pressure probes in an automotive wheel arch. It involves simulation of flow around a pressure probe inserted at various locations within the wheel/wheel arch gap. Pressure and velocity fields along longitudinal and lateral planes have been mapped and the extent of interference caused by the probe along three orthogonal axes has been presented. A three-dimensional ellipsoid of interference has been defined to assist in recommending optimal placement of probes and minimise the error due to interprobe interaction, thus enhancing the measurement accuracy of transient flow phenomena.

OBJECTIVE: To study the cardio-respiratory effects of DRDE-07, a new prophylactic agent for sulphur mustard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effect of DRDE-07 was studied in anesthetized male rats (Wistar), by administering it either by intraperitoneal or oral routes. Different doses (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 LD50) were used and various cardio-respiratory parameters viz., mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and tidal volume were monitored on an oscillograph. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 and 1.0 LD50 and oral administration of 0.25 LD50 of DRDE-07 did not produce any effect on the cardio-respiratory variables. Oral administration of 0.5 and 1.0 LD50 showed a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure after 60 min. None of the animals died in the two-hour monitoring period. Two (2.0) LD50 administration of DRDE-07 either by intraperitoneal or oral routes induced a sudden decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure and the animals died within one hour. CONCLUSION: DRDE-07 did not show any significant effect on the cardio-respiratory variables at a dose of 0.25 LD50 by oral route and 1.0 LD50 by intraperitoneal route. The death after intraperitoneal or oral administration (2.0 LD50) of DRDE-07 is due to the sudden fall in the mean arterial blood pressure.

Water plays a vital and essential role in our ecosystem. This natural resource is becoming scarce, making its availability a major social and economic concern. Use of a large variety of synthetic dyes in textile industries has raised an hazardous environmental alert. About 17 - 20% of freshwater pollution is caused by textile effluents. These effluents are recalcitrant to biodegradation and cause acute toxicity to the receiving water bodies, as these comprised of various types of toxic dyes, which are difficult to remove. Decolorisation of textile wastewater is therefore important before releasing it into the nearby local waterways. It therefore becomes essential to degrade the toxic chemicals of textile wastewater, so as to avoid the hazardous environmental effects. Several treatment methods have been employed to embark upon the problem of dye removal but degradation becomes further more difficult for effluents containing dye matrix. The review study has been an attempt to present the different diversified attempts used for decolorisation of a mixture of dyes.

The present communication deals with the adsorption of tyramine neurotransmitter over the surface of pristine, Boron (B) and Silicon (Si) doped fullerenes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate tyramine adsorption on the surface of fullerenes in terms of stability, shape, work function, electronic characteristics, and density of state spectra. The most favourable adsorption configurations for tyramine have been computed to have adsorption energies of − 1.486, − 30.889, and − 31.166 kcal/mol, respectively whereas for the rest three configurations, it has been computed to be − 0.991, − 6.999, and − 8.796 kcal/mol, respectively. The band gaps for all six configurations are computed to be 2.68, 2.67, 2.06, 2.17, 2.07, and 2.14 eV, respectively. The band gap of pristine, B and Si doped fullerenes shows changes in their band gaps after adsorption of tyramine neurotransmitters. However, the change in band gaps reveals more in B doped fullerene rather than pristine and Si doped fullerenes. The change in band gaps of B and Si doped fullerenes leads a change in the electrical conductivity which helps to detect tyramine. Furthermore, natural bond orbital (NBO) computations demonstrated a net charge transfer of 0.006, 0.394, and 0.257 e from tynamine to pristine, B and Si doped fullerenes.

MAIN CONCLUSION : The structural, functional and in-silico studies of Dof transcription factor attempted so far reveals immense opportunity to analyze the plant genomes in terms of number of Dof genes and discuss in light of the evolution. The multiple functions of Dof genes needs to explored for crop improvement. Transcription factors play a very vital role in gene regulation at transcriptional level and are being extensively studied across phylas. In recent years, sequencing of plant genomes has led to genome-wide identification and characterizations of diverse types of plant-specific transcription factor gene family providing key insights into their structural and functional diversity. The DNA binding with one finger (Dof), a class belonging to C2H2-type zinc finger family proteins, is a plant-specific transcription factor having multiple roles such as seed maturation and germination, phytohormone and light-mediated regulation and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Dof proteins are present across plant lineage, from green algae to higher angiosperm, and represent a unique class of transcription factor having bifunctional binding activities, with both DNA and proteins, to regulate the complex transcriptional machinery in plant cells. The structural and functional diversity of the Dof transcription factor family along with the bioinformatics analysis highlighting the phylogeny of Dof families is reviewed in light of its importance in plant biotechnology for crop improvement.