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A bstract We present the first calculation of the complete set of NNLO QED corrections for muon-electron scattering. This includes leptonic, non-perturbative hadronic, and photonic contributions. All fermionic corrections as well as the photonic subset that only corrects the electron or the muon line are included with full mass dependence. The genuine four-point two-loop topologies are computed as an expansion in the small electron mass, taking into account both, logarithmically enhanced as well as constant mass effects using massification. A fast and stable implementation of the numerically delicate real-virtual contribution is achieved by combining O pen L oops with next-to-soft stabilisation. All matrix elements are implemented in the M c M ule framework, which allows for the fully-differential calculation of any infrared-safe observable. This calculation is to be viewed in the context of the MUonE experiment requiring a background prediction at the level of 10 ppm. Our results thus represent a major milestone towards this ambitious precision goal.

Gradual increase in concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere due to the various anthropogenic interventions leading to significant alteration in the global carbon cycle has been a subject of worldwide attention and matter of potential research over the last few decades. In these alarming scenario microalgae seems to be an attractive medium for capturing the excess CO 2 present in the atmosphere generated from different sources such as power plants, automobiles, volcanic eruption, decomposition of organic matters and forest fires. This captured CO 2 through microalgae could be used as potential carbon source to produce lipids for the generation of biofuel for replacing petroleum-derived transport fuel without affecting the supply of food and crops. This comprehensive review strives to provide a systematic account of recent developments in the field of biological carbon capture through microalgae for its utilization towards the generation of biodiesel highlighting the significance of certain key parameters such as selection of efficient strain, microalgal metabolism, cultivation systems (open and closed) and biomass production along with the national and international biodiesel specifications and properties. The potential use of photobioreactors for biodiesel production under the influence of various factors viz., light intensity, pH, time, temperature, CO 2 concentration and flow rate has been discussed. The review also provides an economic overview and future outlook on biodiesel production from microalgae.

A general procedure is described to design a sharp-rejection wideband bandstop filter by using interference of the signals propagating through two parallel transmission line segments having different electrical lengths and characteristic impedances. Bandwidth and rejection level of the filters can be controlled by changing the impedances of the lines. A simple transmission line model is used for filter analysis. Design graphs are presented. Theoretical prediction is verified by fabricating two filters in microstrip technology. Good agreements is obtained among theoretical prediction, full-wave simulation and measurements.

A bstract We introduce a framework, based on an effective field theory approach, that allows one to perform characterisation studies of the boson recently discovered at the LHC, for all the relevant channels and in a consistent, systematic and accurate way. The production and decay of such a boson with various spin and parity assignments can be simulated by means of multi-parton, tree-level matrix elements and of next-to-leading order QCD calculations, both matched with parton showers. Several sample applications are presented which show, in particular, that beyond-leading-order effects in QCD have nontrivial phenomenological implications.

This digital era uses lots of images in communication, which are confidential and large in volume. The transmission channel thus arises the question of security as well as transmission load. To date, several works are there to solve this issue. However, they fail to provide a single unit that gives these two facilities in a unified way. This paper presents a novel technique of unification of image compression and encryption in a single module via sparse-representation of image frames and hyper-chaotic encryption techniques. In this work, we have proposed a method to estimates the sparse vectors of a given image using a regularized trained over-complete dictionary and encrypt the non-zero coefficients of the sparse vectors using key-streams generated by a hyper-chaotic system. This sparse coding based encryption technique provides a higher compression ratio (CR) compared to some recently proposed techniques on one side and increases security level on the other side. Moreover, the security is strengthened by using this key-sequence in different steps in the encryption scheme. Thus the compressed-encrypted outputs are stronger than simple chaotic encryption against any intruder. The efficiency and authenticity of the proposed algorithm are verified through several quality-index e.g. entropy, CR, etc. The resistivity of the proposed algorithm toward the known or chosen-plaintext attack is also analyzed. The results of the key sensitivity test, and cropping attack test also ensure the authors’ claim. The comparison of the proposed technique with some recently published works justifies the reliability of this work.

A signal interference technique is proposed to design a compact wideband bandstop filter (BSF). Two parallel transmission lines of different lengths and characteristic impedances are used. The signal propagates through these two paths and interferes at the other end with different phases and magnitudes. By varying these phases and magnitudes two finite transmission zeros can be obtained. To improve the stopband rejection level another zero is obtained using an open-circuited quarter-wavelength stub at the stopband centre frequency (fc). One single section prototype fabricated BSF of fc=0.449GHz has 3 and 40dB fractional bandwidths of 50.6 and 22.3%, respectively. The filter implementation area is 0.116gX0.163g, g being the guided wavelength at fc.

A compact wideband coupled-coplanar stripline configuration is presented for a wideband bandpass filter design. Without any increase in the filter size, two stripline shunt open-stubs are introduced to create two transmission zeros to suppress the undesired third harmonic passband of the basic section. Also, a method to control the even- and odd-mode velocities of a coupled-coplanar stripline is described. A prototype bandpass filter having 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 100% at a centre frequency of 3.8 GHz is fabricated on a 0.813 mm thick RO4003 substrate with a dielectric constant of ε^sub r^ = 3.38 with an overall size of 14 x 4.3 mm^sup 2^. Moreover, a differential ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is designed and the filter is applied in the co-design with the antenna. The resultant compact module provides good radiation characteristics over the 3 GHz-5 GHz UWB band and suppresses the other unwanted out-of-band signals.

A general circuit configuration using two transmission-line sections is presented to design a sharp-rejection bandpass filter. Sharp rejection characteristic is obtained by creating two transmission zeros across the filter passband by interfering signals propagating through the transmission lines. A simple lossless transmission-line model is used for filter analysis. If an impedance variation of 20 Ω-130 Ω is considered, the present method is most suitable for 10%-50% 3-dB fractional bandwidth variation. The two prototype bandpass filters having approximately 29% fractional bandwidth at a midband frequency of 2.9 GHz are fabricated in microstrip line. The filter structures are simple and easy to fabricate. Theoretical, simulated, and measured results are in good agreement.

In this paper, we present the next-to-leading order predictions for three photon production in the standard model, matched to the parton shower using the MC@NLO formalism. We have studied the role of the parton shower on various observables and we show a selection of results for the 14  TeV Large Hadron Collider.

This work was undertaken to investigate correlation between oxidative stress and initiation of pathogenesis of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Fifty primigravidae in age group of 20-35 years and gestational age 28-42 weeks with PIH were taken as cases. Twenty healthy primigravidae with no medical and surgical complications of pregnancy and with blood pressure ≤140/90 mm Hg served as controls. The cases were again subgrouped as severe preeclampsia (12 in number) and mild pre-eclampsia (38 in number). All of them were evaluated for serum malondialdehyde (MDA), Serum vitamin E and plasma vitamin C levels. The serum MDA levels were raised significantly in women with mild preeclampsia (P<0.01) and in women with severe preeclampsia (P<0.01) in comparison to normal primi gravida. The serum vitamin E levels were decreased in primi gravida with mild preeclampsia (p<0.1) and in primi with severe pre eclampsia (P<0.1) in comparison to normal primi gravida but the fall was not statistically significant. There was a significant fall (P<0.05) in the vitamin C levels in primi with mild preeclampsia than in the normal primi. The vitamin C levels in severe preeclamptic patients were lower than the normal primi but the fall was not statistically significant (P=0.10). The serum MDA and vitamin E showed a negative correlation in all the cases. The serum MDA and plasma vitamin C also showed a negative correlation in the control and study group. This observation suggests that in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy there is an imbalance between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamin status because of oxidative stress. The decreased serum concentrations of the antioxidant vitamins supports the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation is an important causative factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The rise in antioxidants is probably to compensate the increased peroxide load in severe preeclampsia.