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Strengthening the abilities of smallholder farmers in developing countries, particularly women farmers, to produce for both home and the market is currently a development priority. In many contexts, ownership of assets is strongly gendered, reflecting existing gender norms and limiting women’s ability to invest in more profitable livelihood strategies such as market-oriented agriculture. Yet the intersection between women’s asset endowments and their ability to participate in and benefit from agricultural interventions receives minimal attention. This paper explores changes in gender relations and women’s assets in four agricultural interventions that promoted high value agriculture with different degrees of market-orientation. Findings suggest that these dairy and horticulture projects can successfully involve women and increase production, income and the stock of household assets. In some cases, women were able to increase their control over production, income and assets; however in most cases men’s incomes increased more than women’s and the gender-asset gap did not decrease. Gender- and asset-based barriers to participation in projects as well as gender norms that limit women’s ability to accumulate and retain control over assets both contributed to the results. Comparing experiences across the four projects, especially where projects implemented adaptive measures to encourage gender-equitable outcomes, provides lessons for gender-responsive projects targeting existing and emerging value chains for high value products. Other targeted support to women farmers may also be needed to promote their acquisition of the physical assets required to expand production or enter other nodes of the value chain.

This paper explores initial findings from four case studies in the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project on changes in gender relations in different agricultural interventions. It documents the adaptive measures projects are taking to encourage gender-equitable value chain projects. Findings suggest that the dairy and horticulture value chain cases have successfully increased the stock of both menâ[euro](TM)s and womenâ[euro](TM)s tangible assets and those assets they own jointly.

Background The study of stress response in natural populations is crucial for understanding species local adaptation and evolution. In Drosophila , significant genetic diversity across populations from different geographical origins has been observed, emphasizing the influence of local environments. Results In this study, we explored the impact of starvation and cold stress on the phenotypic and transcriptomic response of two natural populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans from temperate and tropical regions. Additionally, we investigated the behavior and influence of transposable elements (TEs) in these types of stress, combining RNA-seq and ChIP-seq experiments, with high-quality long-read genome assemblies of all the strains. Our findings in D. melanogaster revealed that the transcriptomic response to stress is similar across geographical origins, whereas in D. simulans there is more variability. Notably, neither starvation nor cold induced a general activation of TEs in D. melanogaster or D. simulans , at least in the tissue and strains analysed in this study. Finally, we found three polymorphic TEs producing TE-chimeric transcripts associated with changes in nearby gene expression levels after stress. Conclusions Overall, this study highlights the complexity of stress-TE interactions and their potential impact on adaptation. Understanding these dynamics contributes to the broader knowledge of how genetic and environmental factors interact to modulate gene expression, shaping an organism’s ability to adapt to varying conditions.

Aims Knowledge of the effects of sex in cardio‐oncology is limited, particularly in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). This study aims to evaluate the influence of gender differences on the incidence of cardiovascular toxicity in patients with CML. Methods The study population consisted of 148 patients (45% women, mean age: 58 ± 14.2 years) diagnosed with CML treated with TKIs. The HFA‐ICOS score estimated cardiovascular risk. The HFA‐ICOS score revealed that 12% of men and 6% of women were categorized as very high risk while 45% of men and 50% of women fell into the high‐risk group. Myocardial ischaemia, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension and new‐onset arterial hypertension during treatment with TKIs were recorded. Results The incidence of global events between men and women was comparable (35% vs 32%, P = 0.68). There were 33% who experienced a cardiovascular event during TKI therapy, with a significant sex difference in arterial thrombosis incidence (P = 0.02) and venous thrombosis incidence (P = 0.02). Patients treated with ponatinib had a 41% event rate, followed by nilotinib (32%) and imatinib (32%). The HFA‐ICOS score demonstrated greater predictive efficacy for events in the female group [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.797] compared with the male group (AUC = 0.537). Very high [hazard ratio (HR) 3.07; confidence interval (CI) 1.11, 8.47 P = 0.03] and high (HR 3.29; CI 1.17, 9.26 P = 0.02) HFA‐ICOS scores were associated with increased event risk, particularly in women. Diabetes was women's strongest predictor of events (HR 5.40; CI 1.37, 21.3 P = 0.01). Conclusions Our study showed a similar frequency of cardiovascular events between men and women. Accurate cardiovascular risk stratification with HFA‐ICOS score in cancer patients is crucial. Diabetes and the HFA‐ICOS score were significant predictors of events in the female groups. A sex approach in clinical practice could be pursued to improve the appropriateness of care. This study analyzes 148 patients (66 women and 82 men) with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, focusing on cardiovascular adverse events. The risk assessment, performed using the HFA/ICOS score, reveals sex‐specific differences: venous thrombosis is more common in women, while arterial thrombosis predominates in men. In women, the main predictors of events are the HFA/ICOS score and diabetes mellitus. The HFA/ICOS score demonstrates good predictive accuracy for cardiovascular events, with an AUC of 0.797 (95% CI: 0.701–0.893).

Objective: The study's goal has been to assess the factors associated with nipple trauma. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study that was carried out with all mothers and newborns admitted to a hospital shared accommodation from July to August 2014. Results: There have been evaluated a total of 73 mothers and 76 newborns (3 twins). It was verified the following associations: nipple trauma and either pain or burning after breastfeeding (0.000), guidance during prenatal care (0.016) and number of consultations during prenatal care (0.018); furthermore, mothers who had seven or more prenatal visits showed nipple trauma. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the guidance towards preparing for breastfeeding in the very early stage of the gestational period, and also highlights its importance, so, the women will be able to know the possible complications and both prevention and treatment methods. Therefore, the pregnant woman may feel prepared to breastfeed her future newborn, then avoiding the appearance of traumas and injuries.

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados ao trauma mamilar. Método: estudo seccional realizado em alojamento conjunto com todas puérperas e recém-nascidos internados no período de julho a agosto de 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 73 puérperas e 76 Recém-nascidos (3 gemelares). Verificou-se associação significativa entre trauma mamilar e dor ou ardência pós-mamada (0.000), orientação no pré-natal (0.016) e número de consultas no pré-natal (0.018), sendo que mesmo as puérperas que tiveram sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal apresentaram trauma mamilar. Conclusão: Esse estudo reforça a importância das orientações e do preparo para amamentação iniciarem no período da gestação, para que a mulher conheça as possíveis complicações e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. Dessa forma, a gestante poderá sentir-se preparada para amamentar o seu filho, evitando o aparecimento de traumas e lesões.

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados ao trauma mamilar. Método: estudo seccional realizado em alojamento conjunto com todas puérperas e recém-nascidos internados no período de julho a agosto de 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 73 puérperas e 76 Recém-nascidos (3 gemelares). Verificou-se associação significativa entre trauma mamilar e dor ou ardência pós-mamada (0.000), orientação no pré-natal (0.016) e número de consultas no pré-natal (0.018), sendo que mesmo as puérperas que tiveram sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal apresentaram trauma mamilar. Conclusão: Esse estudo reforça a importância das orientações e do preparo para amamentação iniciarem no período da gestação, para que a mulher conheça as possíveis complicações e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. Dessa forma, a gestante poderá sentir-se preparada para amamentar o seu filho, evitando o aparecimento de traumas e lesões.

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados ao trauma mamilar. Método: estudo seccional realizado em alojamento conjunto com todas puérperas e recém-nascidos internados no período de julho a agosto de 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 73 puérperas e 76 Recém-nascidos (3 gemelares). Verificou-se associação significativa entre trauma mamilar e dor ou ardência pós-mamada (0.000), orientação no pré-natal (0.016) e número de consultas no pré-natal (0.018), sendo que mesmo as puérperas que tiveram sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal apresentaram trauma mamilar. Conclusão: Esse estudo reforça a importância das orientações e do preparo para amamentação iniciarem no período da gestação, para que a mulher conheça as possíveis complicações e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. Dessa forma, a gestante poderá sentir-se preparada para amamentar o seu filho, evitando o aparecimento de traumas e lesões.

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados ao trauma mamilar. Método: estudo seccional realizado em alojamento conjunto com todas puérperas e recém-nascidos internados no período de julho a agosto de 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 73 puérperas e 76 Recém-nascidos (3 gemelares). Verificou-se associação significativa entre trauma mamilar e dor ou ardência pós-mamada (0.000), orientação no pré-natal (0.016) e número de consultas no pré-natal (0.018), sendo que mesmo as puérperas que tiveram sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal apresentaram trauma mamilar. Conclusão: Esse estudo reforça a importância das orientações e do preparo para amamentação iniciarem no período da gestação, para que a mulher conheça as possíveis complicações e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. Dessa forma, a gestante poderá sentir-se preparada para amamentar o seu filho, evitando o aparecimento de traumas e lesões.