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Using cluster perturbation theory we calculate Green's functions, quasi-particle energies and topological invariants for interacting electrons on a 2D honeycomb lattice, with intrinsic spin-orbit coupling and on-site e-e interaction. This allows us to define the parameter range (Hubbard U versus spin-orbit coupling) where the 2D system behaves as a trivial insulator or quantum spin Hall insulator. This behavior is confirmed by the existence of gapless quasi-particle states in honeycomb ribbons. We have discussed the importance of the cluster symmetry and the effects of the lack of full translation symmetry typical of CPT and of most quantum cluster approaches. Comments on the limits of applicability of the method are also provided.

In this paper we present a general theoretical framework to study interacting electrons under the influence of an external time-periodic driving, such as a homogeneous laser field. This is performed through a true many-body calculation and the use of Floquet theory. In particular, we consider a linear atomic chain using the Hubbard model to describe the short-ranged Coulomb interactions between electrons, plus Cluster Perturbation Theory to embed the many-body exact solution for a finite system into both an extended and an infinite lattice. Due to the presence of the external time-periodic perturbation, the electronic problem can be mapped into the study of photon-dressed quasiparticles thanks to Floquet theorem, keeping into account of all the virtual processes (absorption and emission of photons by electrons) with the laser field. This leads to an extension of the many-body static theories to out-of-equilibrium systems. This theoretical approach allowed us to show how the electronic properties of the system can be controlled and tuned varying the laser parameters. Above all, an inverse insulator-to-metal transition can be obtained for the one dimensional infinite lattice, and edge localized states appear as a finite size effect in an extended truncated chain.

The Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC (SND@LHC) started taking data at the beginning of Run 3 of the LHC. The experiment is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in an energy range between 100 GeV and 1 TeV. It covers a previously unexplored pseudo-rapidity range of 7.2 < η < 8.4 . The detector is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. It comprises a veto system, a target consisting of tungsten plates interleaved with nuclear emulsion and scintillating fiber (SciFi) trackers, followed by a muon detector (UpStream, US and DownStream, DS). In this article we report the measurement of the muon flux in three subdetectors: the emulsion, the SciFi trackers and the DownStream Muon detector. The muon flux per integrated luminosity through an 18 × 18 cm 2 area in the emulsion is: 1.5 ± 0.1 ( stat ) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 . The muon flux per integrated luminosity through a 31 × 31 cm 2 area in the centre of the SciFi is: 2.06 ± 0.01 ( stat ) ± 0.12 ( sys ) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 The muon flux per integrated luminosity through a 52 × 52 cm 2 area in the centre of the downstream muon system is: 2.35 ± 0.01 ( stat ) ± 0.10 ( sys ) × 10 4 fb/cm 2 The total relative uncertainty of the measurements by the electronic detectors is 6 % for the SciFi and 4 % for the DS measurement. The Monte Carlo simulation prediction of these fluxes is 20–25 % lower than the measured values.

Based on a solution of the Floquet Hamiltonian we have studied the time evolution of electronic states in graphene nanoribbons driven out of equilibrium by time-dependent electromagnetic fields in different regimes of intensity, polarization, and frequency. We show that the time-dependent band structure contains many unconventional features that are not captured by considering the Floquet eigenvalues alone. By analyzing the evolution in time of the state population we have identified regimes for the emergence of time-dependent edge states responsible for charge oscillations across the ribbon.

The intravertebral vacuum cleft sign (VCS) is an uncommon radiological sign, characterized by a radiolucent zone in the vertebral body. It is composed of 95% nitrogen and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Post-traumatic ischemic necrosis could be its physiopathological mechanism, along with other pathologies like osteoporosis, corticosteroid therapy, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, alcoholism, multiple myeloma, bone metastasis and osteomyelitis. The broad diagnosis is made by antero-posterior X-ray, but computed tomography scan (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may help with the differential diagnosis. The aims of this paper are, on one hand, to communicate the clinical case of a 73-year-old osteoporotic woman with traumatic vertebral fractures who developed this sign in her radiological survey. On the other hand, its secondary aims are to review the medical literature about this sign and to show the clinical and radiological evolution after a percutaneous vertebroplasty.

This open-label, 40-week, phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, a weekly dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist under development for type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide was noninferior and superior to semaglutide with respect to the mean change in the glycated hemoglobin level from baseline to 40 weeks.

Specimens of Callinectes danae Smith 1869 were caught in northeastern Brazil (2178 males, 2031 females); of these, 24 males and 24 females were reared for 6 months. Water temperature (T) and salinity (S) showed a significant effect on the average ecdysis in wild crab (μ), with a model obtained that was: μ = exp(−0.12268T + 0.06148S)/(1 + exp(−0.12268T + 0.06148S)). Size at morphometric maturity was significantly larger for wild males and females (9.45 and 8.38 cm, respectively) than for reared individuals (8.95 and 7.93 cm). Females of sizes above CW₅₀ (carapace width at maturation) showed an increased ecdysis activity, whereas males showed a decrease in ecdysis frequency in sizes over CW₅₀. Five and six molts were observed for females and males, respectively, in both wild and reared crabs; the modal classes of the reared crabs were shifted to smaller sizes. In reared females the terminal‐pubertal molt occurred at 107 days of age and at 148 days, on average, in males. The intermolt period varied from 8 to 41 days and increased with age.

There are many linear and nonlinear measures of association between two continuous pairwise variables. They are used to indicate the strength of the relationship between the two variables. The question thus arises as to which of these measures should be used to explore relationships between two variables in general. The identification of linear and/or nonlinear relationship between two variables can help to avoid problems within a regression framework. The objective of this paper is to examine alternative measures of association that could be employed as a replacement or in conjunction with, standard linear correlation coefficients. The results lead us to conclude that the maximum correlation measure is particularly useful, and capable of detecting linear and nonlinear associations between two continuous variables, while also being relatively computationally efficient. It can be utilized in exploratory analysis and in a modern regression framework.     Existen numerosas medidas de asociación, tanto lineales como no lineales, entre pares de variables continuas. Estas medidas se utilizan para indicar la fuerza de la relación entre las dos variables. Surge entonces la pregunta de cuál de estas medidas debería emplearse para explorar, en general, las relaciones entre dos variables. La identificación de relaciones lineales o no lineales puede ayudar a evitar problemas en modelos de regresión. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar medidas alternativas de asociación que podrían utilizarse como reemplazo o en conjunto con los coeficientes de correlación lineal estándar. Los resultados nos llevan a concluir que la medida de correlación máxima es particularmente útil y capaz de detectar asociaciones no lineales entre variables continuas, además de ser relativamente eficiente desde el punto de vista computacional. Puede emplearse tanto en análisis exploratorios como en un marco de regresión moderno.

Insulin efsitora alfa (efsitora), a once-weekly basal insulin, has the potential to reduce the treatment burden of people with type 2 diabetes who require insulin. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly efsitora compared with insulin glargine U100 in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal and prandial insulin. This phase 3, randomised, 26-week, parallel-design, open-label, treat-to-target, non-inferiority study was done at 78 outpatient clinics and hospitals in Argentina, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, Spain, and the USA (including Puerto Rico). Participants with type 2 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 7·0–10·0%) treated with basal and prandial insulin and up to three non-insulin glucose-lowering agents were randomly assigned (1:1) to efsitora or glargine U100, both with prandial insulin lispro. Randomisation was stratified by country, baseline HbA1c (<8% vs ≥8%; <63·9 mmol/mol vs ≥63·9 mmol/mol), and routine use of personal continuous glucose monitoring or flash glucose monitoring at randomisation (yes vs no). The primary endpoint was HbA1c change from baseline to week 26 (non-inferiority margin 0·4%). The completed trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05462756). Between Aug 11, 2022, and Feb 27, 2024, 1037 study participants were screened and 730 were randomly assigned to efsitora (n=365) or glargine U100 (n=365). 369 (51%) of 730 participants were female and 361 (49%) were male, the mean participant age was 58·9 years (SD 10·5), and the mean participant BMI was 31·85 kg/m2 (SD 5·47). Using the treatment regimen estimand, the least-squares mean baseline HbA1c was 8·18% (SE 0·04; 65·9 mmol/mol [SE 0·47]) in the efsitora group and 8·18% (0·04; 65·9 mmol/mol [0·47]) in the glargine U100 group. At week 26, the least-squares mean HbA1c was 7·17% (SD 0·05; 54·8 mmol/mol [0·51]) in the efsitora group and 7·18 (0·05; 55·0 mmol/mol [0·51]) in the glargine U100 group. The change from baseline to week 26 using the treatment regimen estimand was –1·01 percentage points for the efsitora group and –1·00 percentage points for the glargine U100 group, indicating non-inferiority of efsitora versus glargine U100. Rates of overall and nocturnal level 2 (<54 mg/dL; 3·0 mmol/L) or level 3 (severe) hypoglycaemia during the treatment period were similar for efsitora versus glargine U100 (6·6 vs 5·9 events per patient-year of exposure, estimated rate ratio [ERR] 1·11, 95% CI 0·85–1·44; p=0·44; 0·67 vs 1·00 events per patient-year of exposure, ERR 0·67, 95% CI 0·44–1·01; p=0·058), respectively. Adverse event occurrence was similar between efsitora and glargine U100. Serious adverse events were reported by 25 (7%) of 365 participants in the efsitora group and 23 (6%) of 365 participants in the glargine U100 group. Efsitora showed non-inferior HbA1c reductions and similar rates of combined clinically significant or severe hypoglycaemia versus glargine U100 in participants with type 2 diabetes treated with basal and prandial insulin. These findings show that efsitora is a well tolerated and efficacious once-weekly alternative to daily basal insulin, with a reduced injection frequency, for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes. Eli Lilly and Company.

This Technical Design Report presents a detailed description of all aspects of the LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment), an experiment that will combine the high-quality and high-energy electron beam of the European XFEL with a high-intensity laser, to explore the uncharted terrain of strong-field quantum electrodynamics characterised by both high energy and high intensity, reaching the Schwinger field and beyond. The further implications for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model are also discussed.