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Biomolecular condensates, essential for cellular organization, possess mesoscale properties largely governed by hydrophobicity, influencing molecule partitioning and material characteristics like viscosity, surface tension, and hydration. While hydrophobicity’s role is increasingly recognized, its impact on membrane-condensate interactions remains unexplored. Here, we combine hyperspectral imaging of an environment-sensitive dye and phasor analysis, to quantitatively map the local dielectric permittivity of both condensates and their environment with pixel resolution. This robust method senses the immediate molecular vicinity of the dye and reveals a surprisingly broad range of condensate permittivities, spanning from oil-like to water-like values. Importantly, we uncover that membrane affinity is not dictated by condensate permittivity itself, but by the permittivity contrast with their surroundings. Indeed, membrane wetting affinity is found to scale linearly with this permittivity contrast, unveiling a unifying dielectric principle governing condensate-membrane interactions. Compatible with live-cell and in vitro imaging, this technique provides quantitative insights into condensate biophysics and function and opens new avenues for studying biomolecular condensate biology. A robust method applied to quantify the wide range of condensate permittivities, from oil- to water-like, reveals that their affinity to membranes is governed not by internal permittivity itself, but by the permittivity contrast with the environment.

High-precision measurements of flow coefficients v n ( n = 1 - 4 ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 2.4  GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentum p t and rapidity y cm over a large region of phase-space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy, as expected by relativistic hydrodynamics, is found for the slope of v 1 , d v 1 / d y ′ | y ′ = 0 where y ′ is the scaled rapidity, and for v 2 at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for the p t  dependence of v 2 and v 4 at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation. v 2 is found to scale with the initial eccentricity ⟨ ϵ 2 ⟩ , while v 4 scales with ⟨ ϵ 2 ⟩ 2 and ⟨ ϵ 4 ⟩ . The multi-differential high-precision data on v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , and v 4 provides important constraints on the equation-of-state of compressed baryonic matter.

The processes of coherent bremsstrahlung (CB) and coherent pair production (CPP) based on aligned crystal targets have been studied in the energy range 20–170 GeV. The experimental arrangement allowed for measurements of single photon properties of these phenomena including their polarization dependences. This is significant as the theoretical description of CB and CPP is an area of active debate and development. With the approach used in this paper, both the measured cross sections and polarization observables are predicted very well. This indicates a proper understanding of CB and CPP up to energies of 170 GeV. Birefringence in CPP on aligned crystals is applied to determine the polarization parameters in our measurements. New technologies for high-energy photon beam optics including phase plates and polarimeters for linear and circular polarization are demonstrated in this experiment. Coherent bremsstrahlung for the strings-on-strings (SOS) orientation yields a larger enhancement for hard photons than CB for the channeling orientations of the crystal. Our measurements and our calculations indicate low photon polarizations for the high-energy SOS photons.

High-precision measurements of flow coefficients$$v_{n}$$v n ($$n = 1 - 4$$n = 1 - 4 ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at$$\\sqrt{s_{_{{\\text {NN}}}= 2.4$$s NN = 2.4  GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentum$$p_{{\\text {t}}}$$p t and rapidity$$y_{{\\text {cm}}}$$y cm over a large region of phase-space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy, as expected by relativistic hydrodynamics, is found for the slope of$$v_{1}$$v 1 ,$$d v_{1}/d y^{\\prime }|_{y^{\\prime } = 0}$$d v 1 / d y ′ | y ′ = 0 where$$y^{\\prime }$$y ′ is the scaled rapidity, and for$$v_{2}$$v 2 at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for the$$p_{{\\text {t}}}$$p t  dependence of$$v_{2}$$v 2 and$$v_{4}$$v 4 at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation.$$v_{2}$$v 2 is found to scale with the initial eccentricity$$\\langle \\epsilon _{2} \\rangle $$⟨ ϵ 2 ⟩ , while$$v_{4}$$v 4 scales with$$\\langle \\epsilon _{2} \\rangle ^{2}$$⟨ ϵ 2 ⟩ 2 and$$\\langle \\epsilon _{4} \\rangle $$⟨ ϵ 4 ⟩ . The multi-differential high-precision data on$$v_{1}$$v 1 ,$$v_{2}$$v 2 ,$$v_{3}$$v 3 , and$$v_{4}$$v 4 provides important constraints on the equation-of-state of compressed baryonic matter.

High precision measurements of flow coefficientsv_(n)( n = 1 - 4 ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at√s̅_̅(̅N̅N̅)̅ = 2.4GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentump_(t)and rapidityy_(cm)over a large region of phase space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy is found for the slope ofv₁ ,d v₁/d y^(′)|_(y^(′) = 0)wherey^(′)is the scaled rapidity, and forv₂at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for thep_(t)dependence ofv₂andv₄at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation.v₂is found to scale with the initial eccentricity〈 ∊₂ 〉 , whilev₄scales with〈 ∊₂ 〉²and〈 ∊₄ 〉 . The multi-differential high-precision data onv₁ ,v₂ ,v₃ , andv₄provides important constraints on the equation-of-state of compressed baryonic matter.

The simulation of heavy ion collisions in the Fermi energy region is a challenge for the theoretical models; in particular it is difficult to obtain a coherent description in all the impact parameter range and to reproduce all the experimental observables. In this contribution we will show the very good job done by the dynamical model AMD [1] followed by the statistical code GEMINI [2, 3] as an afterburner. The model is able to reproduce the main characteristics of peripheral and semiperipheral collisions, although some discrepancies still persist.

The clotting state of the blood changes according to the type of physical exercise to which a group of healthy subjects are subjected. We studied the behaviour of the coagulation system before and after near-maximum, specific and standardized exercise tests in three groups of males practising sports defined as demanding in terms of cardiovascular output. The study was a comparative investigation between athletes and the group of controls composed of presumably healthy males. athletes training for competitions such as marathon, rowing and weightlifting. we tested 7 rowers using the rowing machine, 12 marathon runners using the treadmill, 7 weightlifters using their own exercise equipment, and 7 healthy subjects (controls) using the cycle ergometer. during the tests we monitored heart rates, maximal oxygen intake, anaerobic threshold, respiratory quotient, maximum ventilation, and lactic acid. The following coagulation tests were performed before and after near-maximum exercise: prothrombin time (PT), partial activated thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen (FBG), antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), tissue activator of plasminogen (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI). The most significant results showed a low basal PC in the rowers which decreased further after near-maximum exercise; significantly higher basal activities of ATIII, PC and PS in the marathon runners compared to the rowers; a high proportion of weightlifters showed a reduction in t-PA after exercise and an increase of PAI; the controls were the only group in which fibrinolytic activity and all the circulating anticoagulants increased after near-maximum exercise. Thus subjects who practise aerobic sports differ principally in terms of variations in inhibitors (low PC in rowers and marathon runners, increased presence of inhibitors in controls). The weightlifters did not show any significant variations, and so the kind of exercise involved (training to increase resistance and maximum strength) and the recovery times between the exercises do not seem to trigger changes in coagulation/fibrinolysis. We can therefore confirm that only relatively prolonged effort can trigger a mechanism beneficial to the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, physical activity benefits the coagulation system particularly as regards fibrinolysis, but certain subjects may be at risk of thrombosis and these must be identified and followed. We suggest that fibrinolytic activity be studied in athletes who practise weightlifting and have a history of cardiovascular disease, and that inhibitors (protein C in particular) be studied in rowers with a family history of thromboembolism.

Soil samples collected from 9 parks in the Italian province of Pavia were baited with hair and feathers for the isolation of keratinophilic fungi. The dominant species were the teleomorphs Arthroderma gypsea, A. uncinatum, Ctenomyces serratus and Aphanoascus fulvescens with their anamorphs. Among the other species isolated, Amauroascus mutatus, Gymnascella dankaliensis, Gymnoascus intermedius and Gymnoascus reessii were recorded. The distribution of these fungi is discussed and related to previous records.

In the last decade, the development of new ideas in quantum theory, including geometric and deformation quantization, the non-Abelian Berry's geometric factor, super- and BRST symmetries, non-commutativity, has called into play the geometric techniques based on the deep interplay between algebra, differential geometry and topology. The book aims at being a guide to advanced differential geometric and topological methods in quantum mechanics. Their main peculiarity lies in the fact that geometry in quantum theory speaks mainly the algebraic language of rings, modules, sheaves and categories. Geometry is by no means the primary scope of the book, but it underlies many ideas in modern quantum physics and provides the most advanced schemes of quantization.

Biomolecular condensates, essential for cellular organization, possess mesoscale properties largely governed by hydrophobicity, influencing molecule partitioning and material characteristics like viscosity, surface tension, and hydration. While hydrophobicity's role is increasingly recognized, its impact on membrane-condensate interactions remains unexplored. Here, we introduce a novel approach, combining hyperspectral imaging of an environment-sensitive dye and phasor analysis, to quantitatively map the local dielectric permittivity of both condensates and their environment with pixel resolution as sensed by the dye. This robust method reveals a surprisingly broad range of condensate permittivities, from oil-like to water-like. Importantly, we uncover that membrane affinity is not dictated by condensate permittivity itself, but by the permittivity contrast with their surroundings. Indeed, membrane wetting affinity is found to scale linearly with this contrast, unveiling a unifying dielectric principle governing condensate-membrane interactions. Compatible with live-cell and in vitro imaging, this technique provides unprecedented insights into condensate biophysics and function and opens new avenues for studying biomolecular condensate biology.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Footnotes* The text describing clarity, scope, and interpretation of the results were improved. To enhance accessibility for a broad readership, Fig. 1 and its accompanying text were reworked to better motivate and explain the phasor-based hyperspectral analysis, and schematic phase diagrams were added to Fig. 3. Throughout the manuscript, it is now explicitly emphasized that ACDAN reports the dielectric properties of its immediate molecular microenvironment; the limitations of this readout are explicitly stated, particularly for folded proteins with hydrophobic cavities. Claims of quantitative phase-composition inference from permittivity alone were toned down. Fig. 4 was revised to include additional schematics.Funder Information DeclaredAlexander von Humboldt Foundation, https://ror.org/012kf4317CONICETEuropean Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program, Marie Skłodowska-Curie DN ComeInCell, grant agreement No. 101168939German Academic Exchange Service, projects 57654674 and 57701619