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Mindfulness-based interventions have been found to be efficacious among cases with substance addiction. Its role in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has not been extensively studied. Prisma model approach was used to search for relevant articles from January 2009 to March 2021, to synthesize the role of empirical findings with mindfulness-based interventions to address various psychological domains in IGD. Eighteen relevant papers were included to understand the role of mindfulness-based interventions in IGD. Studies revealed the role of mindfulness-based interventions in the promotion of emotional regulation, metacognitive awareness, adaptive coping/cognition, reducing impulsivity, and craving for playing games. Studies also reveal neuro-biological basis for the effect of these interventions among users with IGD. Mindfulness-based interventions are potentially useful in IGD. It implicates the need to understand the empirical linkages within the root factors for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of mindfulness-based treatment in IGD.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been widely utilized as a binder material in cathode as well as anode preparation for Li-ion batteries. Recent reports on water-soluble and functional binders have firmly established that even though the binder consists of only a small part of the electrode, it can significantly boost cell performance. However, no previous report has specifically explored the role of PVDF crystallinity on the performance of the LiFePO4 cathode and cell. In the present work, LiFePO4 cathodes with two different binders PVDF 1 (Kynar HSV 900), and PVDF 2 (Solef 5130) have been prepared. The PVDF binder with higher crystallinity showed more viscosity (86.3 Pa.s), higher adhesion strength (11.42 N-cm−1), and minimal electrolyte uptake (11.3%) as compared to the low crystallinity binder (32.8 Pa.s, 1.30 N-cm−1, and 18.88%). Thus, the cell having more crystalline PVDF binder showed a higher initial capacity of ∼146 mAh-g−1 and stable cyclability performance (82% capacity retention after 500 cycles) as compared to the cell with less crystalline binder PVDF (∼136 mAh-g−1 and 64%). The post-mortem analysis performed after 500 cycles of charging and discharging revealed relatively smaller cracks formed in the cathode with higher crystallinity binder, which explains its better cyclability.

The role of electrochemically inactive molybdenum in alleviating the anomalous volume expansion of tin anode upon charge–discharge cycling has been investigated. Tin–molybdenum thin-film composite anodes for Li-ion batteries were prepared using a direct-current sputtering method from a tin metal target incorporating molybdenum element. Results of structural and compositional analyses confirmed the presence of tin and molybdenum. The elemental ratio obtained from energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed the feasibility of tailoring the thin-film composition by varying the ratio of metallic elements present in the sputtering target. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples revealed the occurrence of flower-like open morphology with Mo inclusion in a Sn matrix. The gravimetric discharge capacity for pure Sn, Sn-rich, and Mo-rich samples was 733 mAh g −1 , 572 mAh g −1 , and 439 mAh g −1 , respectively, with capacity retention after 50 cycles of 22%, 61%, and 74%, respectively. Mo inclusion reduced the surface resistivity of the Sn anode after the initial charge–discharge cycle. The charge-transfer resistance after the first cycle for pure Sn, Sn-rich, and Mo-rich samples was 17.395 Ω, 5.345 Ω, and 2.865 Ω, respectively. The lithium-ion diffusion coefficient also increased from 8.68 × 10 −8 cm 2 S −1 for the pure Sn sample to 2.98 × 10 −5 cm 2 S −1 for the Mo-rich sample.

The influence of somatic stem cells in the stimulation of mammalian cardiac muscle regeneration is still in its early stages, and so far, it has been difficult to determine the efficacy of the procedures that have been employed. The outstanding question remains whether stem cells derived from the bone marrow or some other location within or outside of the heart can populate a region of myocardial damage and transform into tissue-specific differentiated progenies, and also exhibit functional synchronization. Consequently, this necessitates the development of an appropriate in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model of cardiomyogenesis and prompts the development of a 3D cardiac muscle construct for tissue engineering purposes, especially using the somatic stem cell, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To this end, we have created an in vitro 3D functional prevascularized cardiac muscle construct using embryonic cardiac myocytes (eCMs) and hMSCs. First, to generate the prevascularized scaffold, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and hMSCs were cocultured onto a 3D collagen cell carrier (CCC) for 7 days under vasculogenic culture conditions; hCMVECs/hMSCs underwent maturation, differentiation, and morphogenesis characteristic of microvessels, and formed dense vascular networks. Next, the eCMs and hMSCs were cocultured onto this generated prevascularized CCCs for further 7 or 14 days in myogenic culture conditions. Finally, the vascular and cardiac phenotypic inductions were characterized at the morphological, immunological, biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. Expression and functional analyses of the differentiated progenies revealed neo-cardiomyogenesis and neo-vasculogenesis. In this milieu, for instance, not only were hMSCs able to couple electromechanically with developing eCMs but were also able to contribute to the developing vasculature as mural cells, respectively. Hence, our unique 3D coculture system provides us a reproducible and quintessential in vitro 3D model of cardiomyogenesis and a functioning prevascularized 3D cardiac graft that can be utilized for personalized medicine.

Anger related issues in adolescents are an important contributor to adolescent mortality and many negative developmental outcomes. Anger being the most primitive defence mechanism, determining its maladaptive nature is a complex phenomenon. Further, it lacks clarity in terms of its definition, demarcation from aggression and hostility, and also its assessment. Available anger rating scales do not represent anger adequately or comprehensively. The concept of anger is dealt with exhaustively in Indian classical texts. According to these texts, anger is an evil virtue that is born out of Rajasic nature and leads to momentary loss of cognitive functional abilities. Manifestation of anger occurs at behavioural (kayika), verbal (vachika) and mental (manasika) levels. Based on these principles, a psychometric scale is developed for assessment of anger in adolescents. The objective of this study was to develop a psychometric scale for assessment of anger in adolescents based on behavioural (kayika), verbal (vachika) and mental (manasika) levels. Item generation was done referring to the existing scales, texts on spirituality and psychology. It also included discussions with children, teachers and parents. Item reduction was carried out using expert opinion, focused group discussion and factor analysis. Testretest reliability was checked with 127 children (63 girls and 64 boys). The final scale was administered to 757 children (427 girls and 330 boys) to ascertain reliability co-efficient values. Co-efficient of Alpha value for final scale recorded 0.804. Test-retest reliability showed .835 correlation. Anger can be assessed holistically using Trikarana (kayika, vachika and manasika) concept as dealt in almost all Indian classical texts. A 23-item adolescent anger scale is a comprehensive tool to assess behavioural, verbal and mental anger in adolescents.

The mortality of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction is linearly related to the infarct size. As regeneration of cardiomyocytes from cardiac progenitor cells is minimal in the mammalian adult heart, we have explored a new therapeutic approach, which leverages the capacity of nanomaterials to release chemicals over time to promote myocardial protection and infarct size reduction. Initial screening identified 2 chemicals, FGF1 and CHIR99021 (a Wnt1 agonist/GSK-3β antagonist), which synergistically enhance cardiomyocyte cell cycle in vitro. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (NPs) formulated with CHIR99021 and FGF1 (CHIR + FGF1-NPs) provided an effective slow-release system for up to 4 weeks. Intramyocardial injection of CHIR + FGF1-NPs enabled myocardial protection via reducing infarct size by 20%-30% in mouse or pig models of postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling. This LV structural improvement was accompanied by preservation of cardiac contractile function. Further investigation revealed that CHIR + FGF1-NPs resulted in a reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increase of angiogenesis. Thus, using a combination of chemicals and an NP-based prolonged-release system that works synergistically, this study demonstrates a potentially novel therapy for LV infarct size reduction in hearts with acute myocardial infarction.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by increasing blood sugar level. This includes invasive test to detect and diagnose. The image processing technology is introduced to diagnose through non-invasive method. Color, texture and geometry features are extracted. Color gamut is extracted to isolate the same kind of features. The color feature is represented from the extracted gamut. The feature based on distances, height, surface area, width are extracted. The SVM classifiers is used to differentiate the diabetes mellitus affected person and healthy person.

ObjectivesWe wished to assess if low-dose daily oral metronidazole reduced the risk of malignant vesico-vaginal (VVF) and recto-vaginal fistulae (RVF) in recurrent cervical cancer.MethodsFrom a ten-year historic cohort in our teaching hospital, we identified 208 patients with pelvic recurrence of cervical cancer. Seventy six patients had been prescribed oral metronidazole 200 mg once daily for malodor control. We compared fistula-free survival and post-recurrence survival in patients who had received, or not received, low dose (metronomic) metronidazole.ResultsSeventy two patients developed malignant fistulae (49 VVFs; 10 RVFs and 13 with both VVF and RVF). Metronomic metronidazole was associated with fewer fistulae (22.4% versus 41.7%); a longer fistula-free survival [42.9 months (95% CI, 10.2 m to 75.6 m); versus 14.1 months (95% CI, 7.7 m to 20.4 m); P<0.001]; and a trend to improved post-recurrence survival.In the subset (n=146) followed until death, on multivariate analysis, metronomic metronidazole remained significantly associated with a longer post-recurrence survival [hazard ratio 0.56; 95%CI, 0.39–0.81; P=0.002] and a longer fistula-free survival [hazard ratio 0.34; 95%CI, 0.17–0.69; P=0.003].ConclusionsDaily low-dose oral (metronomic) metronidazole is a simple and inexpensive intervention. Reduction in inflammation, malodor and necrotic discharge, and decreased liquefactive destruction of visceral tissue planes probably led to better fistula and survival outcomes in this retrospective study.Our findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to conduct a randomized trial comparing fistula, malodor, radiotherapy completion, local control and survival outcomes in recurrent or locally advanced cervical cancer with or without metronomic metronidazole.

•First of its kind study to develop yoga module for anger management.•Anger management techniques derived from Indian Traditional texts.•Integration of yogic and modern psychology perspectives to select yogic techniques.•Anchored in integrated and holistic approach of Yoga.•Module validation by multi-disciplinary experts. Development of anger management programs and in particular, yoga module for anger management has not been well researched. Being a complex emotion, anger poses serious challenges in developing a comprehensive anger management program. While various theories of anger are dealt in modern psychology, several anger management techniques are set forth in Indian traditional texts. Yoga, which is considered as a holistic and integrated approach is explored in this study to develop and validate a school-based yoga program for anger management in adolescence. Integrated Approach to Yoga Therapy (IAYT) principles and literary review formed the basis for deriving the concepts of anger management. The methodology includes construction of the yoga module, validation of the module by 22 experts followed by a pilot non-randomised control study (n-50) to assess feasibility and initial effectiveness. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and paired t-test were employed to analyse the experts’ rating and pilot-study data respectively. Emergence of IAYT based yoga program for anger management. Based on CVR ratio, 16 out of 18 yogic techniques qualified for the final module. The pilot study revealed viability of the module and its recognition as an anger management program. Significant reduction of anger scores in yoga group substantiates initial effectiveness of the module. The developed and validated yoga module for anger management is recognised as a well-accepted and effective yoga program for anger management in adolescents.

Introduction Accurate knowledge of the location of the internal mammary arteries (IMAs) in relation to the lateral border of the sternum is important in preventing haemorrhagic complications during biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses using an anterior parasternal approach. This study aimed to document the location of the IMAs in relation to the sternum and their course to guide parasternal transthoracic interventions. Methods The shortest distance between each IMA and the sternum midway between the main pulmonary artery and the aortic arch was measured on axial sections of contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography of 150 adult patients. Results The mean distance of the right IMA from the lateral border of the sternum was 11.7 ± 2.51 mm and that of the left IMA was 10.88 ± 2.41 mm. Conclusion Our study established the position of the IMAs in relation to the sternum’s lateral border in the Indian population. This knowledge is useful in planning percutaneous anterior mediastinal biopsies without injuring the IMA. We recommend a parasternal approach with a safe window of 11.3 mm between the lateralmost margin of the sternum and the medial margin of the IMA for percutaneous transthoracic anterior mediastinal procedures.