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Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Genetic analysis has revealed a common mutation (L265P) in MYD88 in more than 90% of patients with this disease. The mutation appears to activate NF-κB. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is an IgM-secreting lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). 1 , 2 Clinical manifestations of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia include cytopenia resulting from bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells, paraprotein-related cryoglobulinemia, the cold agglutinin syndrome, demyelinating neuropathy, and symptomatic hyperviscosity. 3 The oncogenic basis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia has not been defined. Familial clustering of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and other B-cell disorders suggests that genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in certain patients. 4 – 6 IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal IgM protein and the absence of bone marrow disease involvement on histologic examination. 1 IgM . . .

Background Sexual minority men (SMM) experience high rates of disordered eating, potentially related to stressors stemming from within the SMM community. The present cross-sectional study examined associations among intraminority gay community stress, body image, and community connectedness in relation to disordered eating (i.e., binge eating, purging, restricting, excessive exercise, and muscle building). Methods A total of 314 SMM ( M age = 34.56, SD age = 8.13) were recruited via Qualtrics Survey Panel between May and June 2024. Participants completed the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory, Gay Community Stress Scale, Appearance Evaluation and Appearance Orientation subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and Connectedness to the LGBT Community Scale. The associations between gay community stress and disordered eating were examined via partial correlations. Three-way interaction terms (i.e., gay community stress*appearance evaluation*SMM community connectedness; gay community stress*appearance orientation*SMM community connectedness) were tested in moderated-moderation analyses to assess interactive effects on disordered eating. Results Greater gay community stress was associated with higher levels of disordered eating even when controlling for body image variables, SMM community connectedness, race, relationship status, and perceived weight status. High appearance evaluation buffered the association between gay community stress and binge eating in the presence of high community connectedness. Low community connectedness amplified the effect of gay community stress and high appearance orientation on excessive exercise and muscle building. Conclusions Findings suggest a sense of belongingness may mitigate the effects of gay community stress and body image concerns on disordered eating. Results highlight the role of intraminority stressors faced by SMM. Both intraminority stressors and group-level resilience factors (e.g., community connectedness) warrant further consideration in eating disorder research and clinical interventions with SMM. Plain english summary Sexual minority men (SMM), including gay, bisexual, and queer men, experience higher rates of disordered eating than heterosexual men. In this study, we examined how stress related to the mainstream gay community, such as pressure to attain a specific body type or social status, is linked to disordered eating behaviors like binge eating, purging, food restriction, excessive exercise, and muscle building. We found that greater perceived gay community stress was associated with higher levels of disordered eating. However, feeling connected to other SMM helped protect against some of these effects. Specifically, those with high body satisfaction and strong community ties with other SMM were less likely to binge eat even when perceiving gay community stress. In contrast, those who placed a high importance on appearance but lacked community support were more likely to engage in excessive exercise and muscle building. These findings highlight both risk and protective factors within the SMM community. While certain pressures may contribute to body image concerns and disordered eating, fostering a sense of belonging and support among SMM may help reduce these risks.

Honey bee colonies adapt their foraging behaviours to the availability of floral resources to meet their nutritional needs. However, it is unknown if the nutritional quality of stored or supplemented pollen can influence the floral choices of bees during commercial crop pollination. The foraging behaviour of bees from 40 colonies was studied during avocado pollination in southern Western Australia. A pollen database of the orchard was built and used to assess the floral preference of the bees. Pollen collectors and nectar foragers showed different foraging behaviour as indicated by their Dominance Candidate Index (DCI). The foraging choices were partially affected by the type of supplemented pollen that consisted of agricultural and forest species. Aside from nutritional cues, floral source abundance and attractiveness played a role in influencing the foraging behaviour for pollen and nectar. Both pollen and nectar foragers chose a sub-set of flowers available at the avocado orchard. Foraging bees respond strongly to various environmental cues that potentially underlie energetic investment and food reward principals.

This paper examines comparatively the potential feminist work done by two recent films, Promising Young Woman (2020) and Barbie (2023). By employing the concepts of (male) entitlement and patriarchy, we argue that pushing the concept of patriarchy to the center of a discourse propagated by means of commercial success can have the effect of strengthening rather than undermining it. At the same time, this apparent acceptance of patriarchy as a debate topic is accompanied by continued reluctance to address entitlement.

Visitation to parks will change with increasing climate changes. We examined how place attachment may influence different types of climate-induced displacement at both the park and park system level. Previous research suggests that visitors who have greater place attachment to parks within a system may be more likely to tolerate changed environmental conditions before they are displaced from the system entirely or change their choice of park or time of visit within it. Our study, based on the Vermont State Parks system (U.S.), used an on-site visitor questionnaire to examine potential system, spatial, and temporal displacements resulting from ranges of five regionally specific probable manifestations of climate change. As hypothesized, we found that those with lower place attachment were more likely to be displaced. Specifically, these visitors would be more likely to shift their visitation to more southern and lower elevation parks to avoid increased rainfall, earlier/later in the season to avoid higher day or night time temperatures, and out of the park system entirely with more days above 90 F or biting insects. Our approach to examining climate change, place attachment, and displacement has relevance for considering how these three areas impact tourism and visitor use management, as well as utility for managers of these destinations.

We use Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the change in cyclization J -factor within a dramatically simplified model of DNA that involves parameters for uniform stiffnesses, intrinsic twist, and intrinsic bending (including nonplanar bending). Plots of J versus DNA length over multiple periods of helical repeat are fit to a simple functional form in order to project the behavior of J over a broad range of these model parameters. In some instances, this process allows us to find families of DNA molecules (within our model) with quite different material properties, but very similar plots of J versus length, so similar as to likely to be indistinguishable by experiments. This effect is seen both for the parameter-pair of bend angle and stiffness scaling, as well as for the parameter-trio of helical repeat, bend angle, and bend non-planarity.

Increasing development such as roads and houses will alter future landscapes and result in biological, social, and economic trade-offs. Managing development requires information on the public's acceptability of development and understanding which factors shape acceptability. In this study, we examined three questions: 1) What is the public's acceptability of development? 2) Is acceptability of development influenced by wildlife information? and 3) Is the maximum amount of acceptable development influenced by views about wildlife, involvement in outdoor recreation, and demographic factors? We conducted a visual-preference survey of 9,000 households in Vermont, USA that asked about acceptable levels of development, acceptability of wildlife, involvement in recreation, and individual and town demographics. The survey response rate was 44%. Maximum acceptable condition (MAC) for development was 41 houses/km2 and not meaningfully influenced by broader consequences of development on seven common wildlife species. MAC was influenced by views on individual species, including bear and coyote, but not by other species such as deer, fox, and bobcat. Respondents with a positive attitude toward bear favored less development, whereas the opposite relationship existed for coyote. Similarly, MAC was negatively influenced by involvement in birding and hunting, but not by other common recreational activities. Among demographic factors, respondents that were younger and not born in Vermont were more accepting of development. Population density also positively influenced development acceptability. Results provide measures of the public's acceptability of development that can help guide decision-making about development, wildlife, and recreation management.