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The medicinal application of pomegranate peel extract enriched with polyphenols (PPE) as a therapeutic strategy for managing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still limited. Integrating pomegranate peel extract (PPE) into an effective nanocarrier system could enhance its mechanistic actions, potentially aiding in the remission of colitis. Therefore, this approach aimed to enhance PPE’s stability and bioavailability and investigate mitigating impact of pomegranate peel extract-loaded nanoparticles (PPE-NPs) in a colitis model. Colonic injury was induced by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and efficacy of disease progression after oral administration of PPE-NPs for 14 days was assessed by evaluating clinical signs severity, antioxidant and inflammatory markers, expressions of endoplasmic reticulum associated genes and histopathological and immunostaining analysis in colonic tissues. Clinical signs and disease activity index were effectively reduced, and the levels of fecal calprotectin were decreased in groups treated with PPE-NPs compared to DSS group. The colitic group showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in C-reactive protein (CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) (35.60, 163.30 and 280 nmol/g tissue respectively) and higher expression (P < 0.05) IL-17 , TNF-α , and IL-1β (increased up to 2.99, 4.36 and 4.90 respectively unlike PPE-NPsIII that recorded reduced levels of CRP, MPO and NO (8,96, 78.30 and 123 nmol/g tissue respectively) and much lower (P < 0.05) levels of IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression (decreased to 1.23, 1.69 and 1.64, respectively). The most improvement of colon damage PPE-NPsIII group was also associated with the reduction MDA level (P < 0.05) (decreased to 21.60 vs 90.65 in DSS non treated group). The highest glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were noted in PPE-NPsIII received group (42.60, 50.30 and 62.70 U/mg). Notably, prominent free radical scavenging activities were noticed in group received 150 mg/kg of PPE-NPs as supported by higher scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (9.85 mg/g) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid tested radicals (19.98 mg/g). Balancing between endoplasmic reticulum stressors (ERS), inflammation and autophagy was prominently noted in group treated with 150 mg/kg of PPE-NPs. These findings were supported by subsiding the excessive expression of ERS related genes ( CHOP , JUNK , ATF6 , BIP , and Elf -2) and immunostaining expression regulation of key markers regulating autophagy (Beclin-2) in this group. The histopathological changes in the colon were less severe in the PPE-NPs received groups (especially at the level of 150 mg/kg) compared to DSS group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the nanoencapsulation of PPE enhances its effectiveness in promoting recovery of colonic tissue damage and achieving remission of colitis.

The marine copepod species Oithona nana is considered as one of the most successfully mass cultured Cyclopoida species in marine hatcheries. This study investigated the effects of four feed diets (soybean, yeast, rice bran, and corn starch) on the population growth, growth rate, population composition, fecundity, and fatty acid composition of native isolated Cyclopoida copepod species O. nana. The experiment was continued for 15 days and the copepods were fed on one of the four diets with a concentration of 1 g 10−6 individual day−1. The results revealed that corn starch was found to be the most supportive diet for population growth and population growth rate. For nutritional value, copepods fed on rice bran were detected to have the highest content of MUFA, PUFA, and the lowest SFA and SFA/UFA ratio; more importantly, the rice bran diet was the only treatment that showed C20:5ω3. Moreover, copepods fed on rice bran showed the highest significant female fecundity, copepodite, and nauplii percent. Finally, the protocols described in the current study concluded that the dry feeds, especially corn starch, are very useful and applicable in hatcheries for maximizing the fecundity and density of Cyclopoida copepod species, O. nana.

Since ancient times, seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Furthermore, research into the biological activity of certain seaweed compounds has progressed significantly, with an emphasis on their composition and application for human and animal nutrition. Seaweeds have many uses: they are consumed as fodder, and have been used in medicines, cosmetics, energy, fertilizers, and industrial agar and alginate biosynthesis. The beneficial effects of seaweed are mostly due to the presence of minerals, vitamins, phenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as several other bioactive compounds. These compounds seem to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Recent advances and limitations for seaweed bioactive as a nutraceutical in terms of bioavailability are explored in order to better comprehend their therapeutic development. To further understand the mechanism of action of seaweed chemicals, more research is needed as is an investigation into their potential usage in pharmaceutical companies and other applications, with the ultimate objective of developing sustainable and healthier products. The objective of this review is to collect information about the role of seaweeds on nutritional, pharmacological, industrial, and biochemical applications, as well as their impact on human health.

The aquaculture industry has rapidly increased in response to the increasing world population, with the appreciation that aquaculture products are beneficial for human health and nutrition. Globally, aquaculture organisms are mainly divided into two divisions, aquatic animals (finfish, crustaceans, and molluscs) and aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweed). Worldwide aquaculture production has reached more than 82 million tonnes (MTs) in 2018 with more than 450 cultured species. The development of economical, environmentally friendly, and large-scale feasible technologies to produce aquaculture organisms (even aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants) is an essential need of the world. Some aquaculture technologies are related to aquatic animals or aquatic plants, as well as some technologies have an integrated system. This integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals could be performed during early larvae rearing, on-growing and/or mass production. In the context of the blue revolution, the current review focuses on the generations of integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals, such as live feeds, biomass concentrates, water conditioners “green water technique”, aqua-feed additives, co-culturing technologies, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This review could shed light on the benefit of aquatic animals and plant integration, which could lead future low-cost, highly efficient, and sustainable aquaculture industry projects.

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the fields of wastewater treatment and water quality prediction has the potential to revolutionize traditional approaches and address urgent challenges, considering the global demand for clean water and sustainable systems. This comprehensive article explores the transformative applications of smart IoT technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models, in these areas. A successful example is the implementation of an IoT-based automated water quality monitoring system that utilizes cloud computing and ML methods to effectively address the above-mentioned issues. The IoT has been employed to optimize, simulate, and automate various aspects, such as monitoring and managing natural systems, water-treatment processes, wastewater-treatment applications, and water-related agricultural practices like hydroponics and aquaponics. This review presents a collection of significant water-based applications, which have been combined with the IoT, artificial neural networks, or ML and have undergone critical peer-reviewed assessment. These applications encompass chlorination, adsorption, membrane filtration, monitoring water quality indices, modeling water quality parameters, monitoring river levels, and automating/monitoring effluent wastewater treatment in aquaculture systems. Additionally, this review provides an overview of the IoT and discusses potential future applications, along with examples of how their algorithms have been utilized to evaluate the quality of treated water in diverse aquatic environments.

In this study, a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Ismate violet 2R dye from contaminated water. The morphology and structure of the synthesized adsorbent were examined via the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of an MWCNT on the removal of IV2R were examined via a batch method using different factors such as pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The results showed that, at the acidic pH 4, 0.08 g of an MWCNT with 10 mg L−1 at 120 min realized the favorable removal of IV2R dye using an MWCNT. Under these operation conditions, the maximum elimination efficiency for real wastewater reached 88.2%. This process benefits from the ability to remove a large amount of dye (approximately 85.9%) in as short as 10 min using 0.005 g of MWCNTs. Moreover, the investigational isotherm data were examined by different models. The equations of error functions were used in the isotherm model to show the most appropriate isotherm model. The highest adsorption capacity for the removal of the dye was 76.92 mg g−1 for the MWCNT. Moreover, the regression data indicated that the adsorption kinetics were appropriate with a pseudo-second order and an R2 of 0.999. The thermodynamic study showed that the removal of IV2R is an endothermic, spontaneous, and chemisorption process. The MWCNT compound appears to be a new, promising adsorbent in water treatment, with 91.71% regeneration after three cycles.

Plant extracts are a phytochemically-rich alternative to antibiotic and synthetic feed additives, with high systemic bioactivity in animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of custard apple (Annona squamosa) leaf (ASLE) on the growth, hematobiochemical parameters, digestive enzyme activities, redox status, nonspecific immune response, and cold and bacterial infection tolerance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (11.87 ± 0.48 g) were fed ASLE-supplemented diets at increasing levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg for 60 days. At the end of the feeding period, the fish were experimentally challenged with cold water stress or Aeromonas sobria, and mortalities were recorded for 10 days. The results revealed that the growth performance and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved with an increasing level of ASLE supplementation. The hematologic profile and hepato-renal functions were retained within a healthy range in the various groups supplemented with an ASLE diet. Antioxidant status was significantly improved in the serum of fish fed ASLE-supplemented diets, in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, reduced glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly. Similarly, there was a noticeable improvement in the hepatic CAT and SOD activities and a reduction of hepatic MDA. Marked improvements in lysozyme activity, nitric oxide production, complement3 level, and phagocytic activity were recorded in groups fed ASLE-supplemented diets, which peaked with the 20 g ASLE/kg diet. Moreover, the serum glucose and cortisol levels significantly declined in groups fed ASLE at levels of 15–20 g/kg compared to the other groups. Supplementation with ASLE increased the activities of protease, lipase, and α-amylase. ASLE supplementation at a concentration of 10–20 g/kg diet enhanced the resistance of Nile tilapia to A. sobria infection. According to this study, ASLE supplementation enhanced the antioxidant balance, non-specific immune response, physiological status, resistance against infection, and growth performance of Nile tilapia at supplementation levels of 10–20 g/kg diet.

To address climate change threats to ecosystems and the global economy, sustainable solutions for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels are crucial. Existing CO 2 capture projects face challenges like high costs and environmental risks. This review explores leveraging microalgae, specifically the Chlorella genus, for CO 2 capture and conversion into valuable bioenergy products like biohydrogen. The introduction section provides an overview of carbon pathways in microalgal cells and their role in CO 2 capture for biomass production. It discusses current carbon credit industries and projects, highlighting the Chlorella genus’s carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) model for efficient CO 2 sequestration. Factors influencing microalgal CO 2 sequestration are examined, including pretreatment, pH, temperature, irradiation, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and sources and concentrations of CO 2 . The review explores microalgae as a feedstock for various bioenergy applications like biodiesel, biooil, bioethanol, biogas and biohydrogen production. Strategies for optimizing biohydrogen yield from Chlorella are highlighted. Outlining the possibilities of further optimizations the review concludes by suggesting that microalgae and Chlorella -based CO 2 capture is promising and offers contributions to achieve global climate goals.

The current work presents a novel and sustainable approach that uses the synthesized Chitosan/Ferrous Oxide Nanocomposite (CFON) to remove the organic azo dye, Acid Red 73 (AR73), a hazardous pollutant commonly found in industrial wastewater, from aqueous solutions and aquaculture effluents wastewater. The CFON exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance under sunlight irradiation. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters on the removal efficiency of the dye, including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. The results showed that the nanocomposite effectively achieved a maximum removal percentage of 99.3% under optimal conditions (pH 5 for 180 min at 80 and 100 mg with 75 mg L -1 and 30 °C). Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism. The impact of different light sources on dye removal efficiency was evaluated, confirming the superior performance of sunlight-driven photocatalysis. The application of CFON to improve water quality in aquaculture was investigated and showed effectively reduced conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and nitrate levels, demonstrating its potential for sustainable water management. This work highlights the promising potential of CFON as an environmentally friendly and efficient material to remove AR73 and improve aquaculture wastewater quality.

This work explores the synthesis and utilization of a green composite material based on chitosan and blue-green algae biomass for the effective removal of Acid Red 35, a recalcitrant anionic dye, from aqueous solutions. Chitosan–Blue-Green Algae (Ch-BGA) nanocomposite was prepared by cross-linking chitosan with glutaraldehyde and subsequent BGA biomass incorporation, which resulted in gel-like nanoparticles (16.3–19.6 nm). FTIR characterization confirmed the presence of the key functional groups (O-H, N-H, C = O) involved in adsorption. Measurement of the zeta potential revealed a positive surface charge (+ 27.8 mV) that facilitates electrostatic attraction for the anionic AR35 dye. SEM imaging revealed a rough, irregular surface morphology conducive to adsorption and EDX confirmed the main C, O, N composition. Optimum dye removal (> 96%) was achieved at acidic pH (pH 3). Adsorption equilibrium was reached in approximately 150 min. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the equilibrium data (R² = 0.999), indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity (q m ) of 38.2 mg/g. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model accurately described the adsorption process (R² = 0.970), suggesting that chemisorption could be involved alongside physisorption, although intraparticle diffusion was also suggested as a factor. Thermodynamic calculation showed an exothermic process and a spontaneous (ΔG° = -7.603 kJ mol − 1 ) and entropy-reducing (ΔS° = -0.1736 Jmol K − 1 ) process, characteristic of physisorption. Definitive Screening Design (DSD) was effectively applied for optimization, and initial dye concentration and contact time were determined to be the most influential variables. DSD modeling predicted maximum 97–98% removal rates at optimized conditions (e.g., pH 3, 0.1 g dosage).