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The educational recommendations aim is to provide a tool for academic program evaluators to compare and accredit the quality of delivered programs; support educators in developing BMHI (Biomedical and Health Informatics) curricula at various educational levels; identify essential skills and competencies for healthcare professionals and those working in the field of BMHI certification; and encourage institutions, organizations, and health authorities to recognize the need for establishing and further developing BMHI educational programs. A brief presentation outlining the most recent updated version of the recommendations-which are offered for courses and course tracks in BMHI as part of educational programs in biomedical and health sciences, health information management, and informatics/computer science, as well as for dedicated programs in BMHI (leading to bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degrees)-follows a brief history of the IMIA Educational activities and its support in developing the recommendations. The six domain areas of BMHI fundamental principles, health sciences and services, computer, data, and information sciences, social and behavioral sciences, management science, and BMHI specialization are used to characterize the educational requirements for the roles of BMHI user, BMHI generalist, and BMHI specialist. Additionally, suggestions are made for doctorate, master's, and bachelor's degree-level BMHI-focused educational programs. These are the BMHI's main academic offerings. Furthermore, suggestions for protocols related to certification, accreditation, and continuing education are given. The IMIA recommendations center on the educational needs for the healthcare workforce, computer scientists, and decision makers to acquire BMHI knowledge and skills at various levels. These recommendations reflect societal changes related to globalization, digitalization, and digital transformation in general and in healthcare specifically. Finally, a brief explanation of the accrediting quality control procedure will be provided.

Shifts in landscape heterogeneity and climate can influence animal movement in ways that profoundly alter disease transmission. Water sources that are foci of animal activity have great potential to promote disease transmission, but it is unknown how this varies across a range of hosts and climatic contexts. For fecal-oral parasites, water resources can aggregate many different hosts in small areas, concentrate infectious material, and function as disease hotspots. This may be exacerbated where water is scarce and for species requiring frequent water access. Working in an East African savanna, we show via experimental and observational methods that water sources increase the density of wild and domestic herbivore feces and thus, the concentration of fecal-oral parasites in the environment, by up to two orders of magnitude. We show that this effect is amplified in drier areas and drier periods, creating dynamic and heterogeneous disease landscapes across space and time. We also show that herbivore grazing behaviors that expose them to fecal-oral parasites often increase at water sources relative to background sites, increasing potential parasite transmission at these hotspots. Critically, this effect varies by herbivore species, with strongest effects for two animals of concern for conservation and development: elephants and cattle. Amid climate and land use changes, it is important to identify and monitor hotspots of animal activity where disease transmission can occur. Using experimental and observational methods in an East African savannah, this study shows water sources increase the concentration of faecal-oral parasites in the environment and that this effect is amplified in drier areas and following periods of low rainfall.

The digitization and general industrial development of Montenegro is a great challenge for engineering and science due to its special characteristics. As the accession of Montenegro to the European Union has been an ongoing agenda for over a decade now, and the accession of the country is expected by 2025, adapting the interconnectivity and smart automation of Industry 4.0 plays an essential role in reducing the current gap between Montenegro and EU member states. In this paper, we investigate the present and potential future digitization efforts in the fields of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), agriculture, and healthcare in Montenegro. Our work takes into consideration the characteristics of the country and analyzes the considerations and implications regarding the deployment of state-of-the-art technologies in the investigated fields.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the focus on health informatics and healthcare technology for policy makers and healthcare professionals worldwide.This book contains the 110 papers (from 160 submissions) accepted for the 18th annual International Conference on Informatics, Management, and Technology in Healthcare (ICIMTH 2020), held virtually.

The European Federation for Medical Informatics Association (EFMI) is the leading organisation in medical informatics in Europe and represents 29 countries, RSMI being an active and valuable member. EFMI is organized as a nonprofit organisation concerned with the theory and practice of Information Science and Technology within Health and Health Science in a European context. The objectives when founded in 1976 were: to advance international cooperation and dissemination of information in Medical Informatics on a European basis; to promote high standards in the application of medical informatics; to promote research and development in medical informatics; to encourage high standards in education in medical informatics; to function as the autonomous European Regional Council of IMIA. Since 2018 EFMI participates actively in European financed projects contributing with its members' expertise in dissemination, education, data processing, user experience, and several other domains. HosmartAI (2020-2024) is a H2020 project with 24 partners, 12 EU countries, 10 mil Euros funding. In the HosmartAI project - AI for the Smart Hospital of the future - EFMI is leading in WP6 the T6.3 task - Standardization and Legislation, T6.4 task - Certification, Staff training & education and alignment with existing practice and had a consistent contribution in WP2 with EFMI MIMO tool. The EFMI team will present the solutions developed during the project and invite audience to give feedback.

Medical informatics has revolutionized healthcare in recent years, and one of the major challenges now faced by health professionals everywhere is the further improvement of healthcare by making more effective use of the data from biomedical informatics, not least for education and decision support.

Aluminum Alloy AA-7034 is a high strength wrought alloy with reasonable ductility containing 10–12 wt% Zn, 2–3 wt% Mg, and 0.8–1.2 wt% Cu. This work investigates the effect of varying the concentration of Zn (10–12 wt%) and Cu (0.8–1 wt%) on the solutionizing and aging behavior of squeeze cast AA-7034 samples. The same behaviors were investigated when Mg content was increased beyond 3 wt%. The solutionizing heat treatment dissolved much of the macroscopic second phases present in the as-cast AA-7034 alloys, but a significant amount of second phases remain after solutionizing in alloys with >3 wt% Mg. The behaviors of the various Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are compared to squeeze cast Al-A206 casting alloy heat-treated to the T7 condition. All Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys obtained higher hardness values than those obtained by Al-A206-T7.

In the present work, we developed an analytical model to describe the effect of pouring temperature on the crystallite density, remelting, growth kinetics, and the resultant final grain size for aluminum (Al)-based alloys synthesized using gravity casting. The model predicts that there are three regimes of pouring temperature/grain size-related behavior: (i) at low superheats, grain size is small and relatively constant; (ii) at intermediate levels of superheat, there appears to be a transitional behavior where grain size increases in a rapid, non-linear fashion; and (iii) at high superheats, grain size increases linearly with increasing temperature. This general pattern is expected to be shifted upward as distance from the bottom of the casting increases, which is likely a result of the slower cooling rates and/or longer solidification times with increasing distance from the bottom of the casting. To validate the model, a set of experiments has been conducted using Al-Cu and Al-Si alloys ( i.e. , Al-3.0 wt pct Cu, Al-4.5 wt pct Cu, and Al-A356.2 alloys), and the experimental measurements showed consistent results with theoretical predictions.

ObjectivesTo determine the association of hospital nursing skill mix with patient mortality, patient ratings of their care and indicators of quality of care.DesignCross-sectional patient discharge data, hospital characteristics and nurse and patient survey data were merged and analysed using generalised estimating equations (GEE) and logistic regression models.SettingAdult acute care hospitals in Belgium, England, Finland, Ireland, Spain and Switzerland.ParticipantsSurvey data were collected from 13 077 nurses in 243 hospitals, and 18 828 patients in 182 of the same hospitals in the six countries. Discharge data were obtained for 275 519 surgical patients in 188 of these hospitals.Main outcome measuresPatient mortality, patient ratings of care, care quality, patient safety, adverse events and nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction.ResultsRicher nurse skill mix (eg, every 10-point increase in the percentage of professional nurses among all nursing personnel) was associated with lower odds of mortality (OR=0.89), lower odds of low hospital ratings from patients (OR=0.90) and lower odds of reports of poor quality (OR=0.89), poor safety grades (OR=0.85) and other poor outcomes (0.80

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