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We propose a unique program of measurements of electric and magnetic dipole moments of charm, beauty and strange charged baryons at the LHC, based on the phenomenon of spin precession of channeled particles in bent crystals. Studies of crystal channeling and spin precession of positively- and negatively-charged particles are presented, along with feasibility studies and expected sensitivities for the proposed experiment using a layout based on the LHCb detector.

Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) of fundamental particles provide powerful probes for physics beyond the Standard Model. We propose to search for the EDM of strange and charm baryons at LHC, extending the ongoing experimental program on the neutron, muon, atoms, molecules and light nuclei. The EDM of strange Λ baryons, selected from weak decays of charm baryons produced in p p collisions at LHC, can be determined by studying the spin precession in the magnetic field of the detector tracking system. A test of C P T symmetry can be performed by measuring the magnetic dipole moment of Λ and Λ ¯ baryons. For short-lived Λ c + and Ξ c + baryons, to be produced in a fixed-target experiment using the 7 TeV LHC beam and channeled in a bent crystal, the spin precession is induced by the intense electromagnetic field between crystal atomic planes. The experimental layout based on the LHCb detector and the expected sensitivities in the coming years are discussed.

This study investigates the performance of bent silicon crystals intended to channel hadrons in a fixed-target experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The phenomenon of planar channelling in bent crystals enables extremely high effective bending fields for positively charged hadrons within compact volumes. Particles trapped in the potential well of high-purity, ordered atomic lattices follow the mechanical curvature of the crystal, resulting in macroscopic deflections. Although the bend angle remains constant across different momenta (i.e., the phenomenon is non-dispersive), the channelling acceptance and efficiency still depend on the particle momentum. Crystals with lengths in the range of 5 to 10 cm, bent to angles between 5 and 15 mrad, are under consideration for measurements of the electric and magnetic dipole moments of short-lived charmed baryons, such as the Λ c + . Such large deflection angles over short distances cannot be achieved using conventional magnets. The principle of inducing spin precession through bent crystals for magnetic dipole moment measurements was first demonstrated experimentally in the 1990s. Building on this concept, experimental layouts are now being explored for implementation at the LHC. The feasibility of such measurements depends, among other factors, on the availability of crystals that exhibit the required mechanical properties to reach the necessary channelling performance. To address this, a dedicated machine experiment – TWOCRYST – has been installed in the LHC to carry out beam tests in the TeV energy range. The bent crystals for TWOCRYST were fabricated and tested using both X-ray diffraction and high-momentum hadron beams at 180 GeV/c at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) extraction lines. Two crystals based on established technologies were included in this test. In addition, a crystal bent via anodic bonding was tested for the first time with high-energy hadrons to assess its potential for future accelerator applications. This paper presents an analysis of the performance of the three tested crystals and, where possible, outlines key differences in their properties attributed to the respective bending techniques.

In this Erratum, an improved simulation of the channeling efficiency of protons and antiprotons as a function of the particle momentum is shown in for different configurations

Quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force, describes interactions of coloured quarks and gluons and the formation of hadronic matter. Conventional hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and quark-antiquark pairs, respectively. Particles with an alternative quark content are known as exotic states. Here a study is reported of an exotic narrow state in the D 0 D 0 π + mass spectrum just below the D *+ D 0 mass threshold produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The state is consistent with the ground isoscalar T c c + tetraquark with a quark content of c c u ¯ d ¯ and spin-parity quantum numbers J P  = 1 + . Study of the DD mass spectra disfavours interpretation of the resonance as the isovector state. The decay structure via intermediate off-shell D *+ mesons is consistent with the observed D 0 π + mass distribution. To analyse the mass of the resonance and its coupling to the D * D system, a dedicated model is developed under the assumption of an isoscalar axial-vector T c c + state decaying to the D * D channel. Using this model, resonance parameters including the pole position, scattering length, effective range and compositeness are determined to reveal important information about the nature of the T c c + state. In addition, an unexpected dependence of the production rate on track multiplicity is observed. The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown that a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the standard model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons. The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

A bstract An angular analysis of the rare decay B s 0 → ϕμ + μ − is presented, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.4 fb − 1 . The observables describing the angular distributions of the decay B s 0 → ϕμ + μ − are determined in regions of q 2 , the square of the dimuon invariant mass. The results are consistent with Standard Model predictions.

Mesons comprising a beauty quark and strange quark can oscillate between particle ( B s 0 ) and antiparticle ( B ¯ s 0 ) flavour eigenstates, with a frequency given by the mass difference between heavy and light mass eigenstates, Δ m s . Here we present a measurement of Δ m s using B s 0 → D s − π + decays produced in proton–proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The oscillation frequency is found to be Δ m s  = 17.7683 ± 0.0051 ± 0.0032 ps −1 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This measurement improves on the current Δ m s precision by a factor of two. We combine this result with previous LHCb measurements to determine Δ m s  = 17.7656 ± 0.0057 ps −1 , which is the legacy measurement of the original LHCb detector. The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

A bstract Measurements are reported of the central exclusive production of J/ψ and ψ (2 S ) mesons in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Backgrounds are significantly reduced compared to previous measurements made at lower energies through the use of new forward shower counters. The products of the cross-sections and the branching fractions for the decays to dimuons, where both muons are within the pseudorapidity range 2 . 0 < η < 4 . 5, are measured to be σ J / ψ → μ + μ − = 435 ± 18 ± 11 ± 17 p b σ ψ 2 S → μ + μ − = 11.1 ± 1.1 ± 0.3 ± 0.4 p b . The first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, and the third are due to the luminosity determination. The cross-sections are also measured differentially for meson rapidities between 2.0 and 4.5. Good agreement is observed with theoretical predictions. Photoproduction cross-sections are derived and compared to previous experiments, and a deviation from a pure power-law extrapolation of lower energy data is observed.