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The basic oxygen process, which involves blowing oxygen into molten iron to reduce its carbon content from 4 to < 0.5%, is used to make more than half of the steel used worldwide. The present study delves into a detailed environmental implication of commercially produced oxygen and nitrogen in oxygen unit within a steel plant. The focus is on cryogenic air separation, a widely adopted method for industrial oxygen generation. The primary data is collected from the iron and steel industry located in eastern India. The life cycle assessment investigated the fact that electricity consumption has a considerable contribution to the majority of environmental impacts. Alone, electricity highly adds to the global warming potential (825 kg CO 2 eq.), marine aquatic ecotoxicity (1.18E + 6 kg DCB eq.) and abiotic depletion potential (fossil) (8.36E + 3 MJ). The water consumption in cryogenic air separation has a minimum impact. The overall impact of oxygen production per ton of crude steel is also reported. The production impacts are also compared with the Netherlands and Germany database (GaBi-8.5.0.79 version). The results revealed a significantly higher environmental impact for the Indian region compared to the Netherlands and Germany. India's reliance on non-renewable energy sources, mainly coal for electricity, is an important reason behind its consistently higher impact across all measured impact categories. This contrasts with countries like the Netherlands and Germany, which utilise more renewable energy sources.

Ni(II) ions were removed from aqueous waste using micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) with a mixture of surfactants. The surfactant mixture was the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 (TW80) mixed with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in different molar ratios ranging from 0.1–1.5. The operational variables of the MEUF process such as pH, applied pressure, surfactant to metal ion ratio and nonionic to ionic surfactant molar ratio (α) were evaluated. Rejection of Ni and TW80 was 99% and 98% respectively whereas that for SDS was 65%. The flux and all resistances (fouling resistance, resistance due to concentration polarization) were measured and calculated for entire range of α respectively. A calculated flux was found to be declined with time, which was mainly attributed to concentration polarization rather than resistance from membrane fouling.