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The PolariX TDS (Polarizable X-Band Transverse Deflection Structure) is an innovative TDS-design operating in the X-band frequency-range. The design gives full control of the streaking plane, which can be tuned in order to characterize the projections of the beam distribution onto arbitrary transverse axes. This novel feature opens up new opportunities for detailed characterization of the electron beam. In this paper we present first measurements of the Polarix TDS at the FLASHForward beamline at DESY, including three-dimensional reconstruction of the charge-density distribution of the bunch and slice emittance measurements in both transverse directions. The experimental results open the path toward novel and more extensive beam characterization in the direction of multi-dimensional-beam-phase-space reconstruction.

Future light sources aim at achieving a diffraction limited photon beam both in the horizontal and vertical planes. High gradient quadrupoles and strong chromaticity correction sextupoles in a corresponding ultra-low emittance ring may restrict the physical and dynamic aperture of the storage ring such that off-axis injection and accumulation may become impossible. We propose a longitudinal injection scheme, i.e., injecting an electron bunch onto the closed orbit with a time offset with respect to the circulating bunches. The temporal separation enables a pulsed dipole kicker to situate the injected bunch transversely on-axis without disturbing the circulating bunches if the pulse length is shorter than the bunch spacing. The injected bunch is finally merged to a circulating bunch through synchrotron radiation damping. We present the scheme in detail and its application to the lattice of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring. The requirements and feasibility of the pulsed dipole kicker are also discussed.

A collaboration between DESY, PSI and CERN has developed and built an advanced modularX-band transverse deflection structure (TDS) system with the new feature of providing variable polarization of the deflecting force. The prototype of the novelX-band TDS, the polarizableX-band (PolariX) TDS, was fabricated at PSI following the high-precision tuning-free production process developed for the C-band Linac of the SwissFEL project. Bead-pull rf measurements were also performed at PSI to verify, in particular, that the polarization of the dipole fields does not have any rotation along the structure. The high-power test was performed at CERN and now the TDS is at DESY and has been installed in the FLASHForward beamline, where the first streaking experience with beam has been accomplished. We summarize in this paper the rf design of the TDS and its key components, such as theX-band pulse compressor, E-rotator, and phase shifter, the results of the bead-pull measurements and the high power test and finally the rf setup at DESY.

The PSI Positron Production ( P 3 or P-cubed) experiment is a e + source and capture system with the potential to increase by an order of magnitude the state-of-the-art e + yield normalized to the drive linac energy, a highly desirable goal for future colliders. The experiment is framed in the FCC-ee injector study and will be hosted at SwissFEL, located at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. This paper presents the P 3 project at an advanced stage, with an emphasis on a capture system featuring a novel e + matching device based on high-temperature superconducting solenoids, followed by two large aperture rf cavities surrounded by normal-conducting solenoids. The diagnostics design is also introduced, including monitors of charge, energy spectrum, and bunch-by-bunch longitudinal profile simultaneously for secondary e + and e − . The last chapter of the text overviews the currently ongoing installation at SwissFEL, including the beam transfer line, rf network, radiation protection, and other relevant activities toward the operation with e + in the coming years.

Several beam manipulation methods have been studied and experimentally demonstrated to generate x-ray multipulses in free-electron-laser (FEL) facilities, advancing the fields of material science, molecular physics, and photochemistry by enabling x-ray pump/x-ray probe experiments. We have demonstrated a novel method to generate hard x-ray multipulses using a hybrid compression scheme. Compared to other methods, this approach minimizes the time jitter among the FEL subpulses, produces large power FEL subpulses, is suitable for high repetition rate machines, since it does not imply the generation of losses, and it works at short and hard x-ray FEL wavelengths as well. All of these aspects make this approach attractive for the novel FEL facilities aiming to explore the hard x-ray region and to work at high repetition rate.

To analyse dietary habits and explore the role of socioeconomic status in a sample of elderly Italians. Observational. 306 elderly subjects aged 65 and over living in the Marche Region (Italy). Assessment of dietary habits and life-style characteristics using a “Life-style questionnaire”. Nutritional data collected by means of a 53-item “Frequency food questionnaire”. The study revealed differences in dietary patterns and food consumption. Age was negatively related to all food categories. Some socio-economic characteristics (level of education and economic status) were correlated with consumption of many foods, such ad Fish, Red Meat and Diary products. Between-the-sexes differences were also documented. Our findings showed that the nutritional and dietary habits varied greatly within the sample investigated. The mapping of these dietary and nutritional patterns may be of value for future research in elderly populations, particularly those with low educational status and poor economic means. Conclusively, greater promotion of healthy dietary habits should be targeted towards elderly populations.

The SwissFEL Injector Test Facility operated at the Paul Scherrer Institute between 2010 and 2014, serving as a pilot plant and test bed for the development and realization of SwissFEL, the x-ray Free-Electron Laser facility under construction at the same institute. The test facility consisted of a laser-driven rf electron gun followed by an S-band booster linac, a magnetic bunch compression chicane and a diagnostic section including a transverse deflecting rf cavity. It delivered electron bunches of up to 200 pC charge and up to 250 MeV beam energy at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The measurements performed at the test facility not only demonstrated the beam parameters required to drive the first stage of an FEL facility, but also led to significant advances in instrumentation technologies, beam characterization methods and the generation, transport and compression of ultralow-emittance beams. We give a comprehensive overview of the commissioning experience of the principal subsystems and the beam physics measurements performed during the operation of the test facility, including the results of the test of an in-vacuum undulator prototype generating radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet and optical range.

We report the results of a low-latency beam phase feed-forward system built to stabilize the arrival time of a relativistic electron beam. The system was operated at the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN where the beam arrival time was stabilized to approximately 50 fs. The system latency was 350 ns and the correction bandwidth>23MHz. The system meets the requirements for CLIC.

To identify the relationship among cognitive status, psychological conditions, anthropometric measurements and life-style in a sample of elderly Italian men and women. Three hundred and six volunteers for ZINCAGE Project recruited. The sample was made up of healthy older adults living in the Marche Region aged 65 and over. All elderly were given a complete medical, anthropometric assessment, and psycho-social evaluation. Overall, the participants perceived themselves to be in very good or good (22%) or fair (69%) health; only 9% reported a poor health status. The 46% of the sample fell within the normal body mass index (BMI) range, though 38% were overweight, 12% were obese, and only 4% were underweight. In both sexes, BMI significantly decreased with age (p<0.001). BMI was positively associated with performing sedentary activities (r=0.188; p<0.001). Levels of both sedentary (r=0.221; p<0.001) and non-sedentary (r=0.258; p<0.001) leisure activities were positively associated with education level (p<0.05). It was found that lower scores of physical activity were associated to higher scores of Geriatric Depression Scale (r=-0.425; p<0.01), lower scores of Mini Mental State Examination (r=0.266; p<0.001) and higher score of Perceived Stress Scale (r=-0.131; p<0.05). Men and women lead different lifestyles and have a different psychological status, with advancing age consequently stressing the need for healthy lifestyle programmes particularly in the case of overweight and obese elderly people.

Longitudinal electron-beam diagnostics play a critical role in the operation and control of x-ray free-electron lasers, which rely on parameters such as the current profile, the longitudinal phase space, or the slice emittance of the particle distribution. On the one hand, the femtosecond-scale electron bunches produced at these facilities impose stringent requirements on the resolution achievable with the diagnostics. On the other, research and development of novel accelerator technologies such as beam-driven plasma-wakefield accelerators (PWFA) demand unprecedented capabilities to resolve the centroid offsets in the full transverse plane along the longitudinal bunch coordinate. We present the beam-based commissioning of an advanced X -band transverse-deflection rf structure (TDS) system with the new feature of providing variable polarization of the deflecting force: the PolariX-TDS. By means of a comprehensive campaign of measurements conducted with the prototype, key parameters of the rf performance of the system are validated and a phase-space characterization of an electron bunch is accomplished with a time resolution of 3.3 fs. Furthermore, an analysis of second-order effects induced on the bunch from its passage through the PolariX-TDS is presented.