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"Marino, Nan"
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Hiding out at the Pancake Palace
\"When musical prodigy, Elvis Ruby, completely freezes up on television, he is forced to hide out in the Pinelands of New Jersey and try to find his way back to the music once again with the help of a new friend\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Choice
\"Zander discovers something surprising at the thrift store--about himself.\" (Storyworks) Read a story about a boy who is faced with a difficult dilemma and find out how he resolves it.
Magazine Article
Silver Dollar Dreams
\"How will Alex ever earn his orange belt in karate? With lots of practice--and some dreaming too.\" (Storyworks) Read a story about a boy and his dream of earning his orange belt in karate class.
Magazine Article
Melatonin Suppressed the Heat Stress-Induced Damage in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating the Antioxidant Machinery
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various environmental stresses, including heat stress (HS). In this study, a 100 μM melatonin (MT) pretreatment followed by exposure to heat stress for different time periods was found to efficiently reduce oxidative stress by preventing the over-accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), and increasing proline (Pro) biosynthesis. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were increased substantially in MT-pretreated wheat seedlings. The presence of MT significantly improved the heat tolerance of wheat seedlings by modulating their antioxidant defense system, activating the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle comprising ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and increasing glutathione reductase (GR) activities. It also held the photosynthetic machinery stable by increasing the chlorophyll content. Enhancement in the endogenous MT contents was also observed in the MT+HS-treated plants. Furthermore, the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes TaSOD, TaPOD, and TaCAT, and anti-stress responsive genes, such as TaMYB80, TaWRKY26, and TaWRKY39, was also induced in MT-treated seedlings. Due to these notable changes, an improvement in stress resistance was observed in MT-treated seedlings compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that MT can play a key role in boosting the stress tolerance of plants by modulating the antioxidant defense system and regulating the transcription of stress-responsive genes.
Journal Article
Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale
We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient, EP240408a, by
Einstein Probe (EP)
and follow-up studies made with
EP
,
Swift
,
NICER
, GROND, ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength telescopes. The new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board EP on April 8th, 2024, manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for 12 s. The flare reached a peak flux of 3.9 × 10
−9
erg cm
−2
s
−1
in 0.5–4 keV, ∼300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the observation. Rapid and more precise follow-up observations by
EP
/FXT,
Swift
and
NICER
confirmed the finding of this new transient. Its X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5–10 keV, with apower-law photon index varying within 1.8–2.5. The X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ∼4 d, followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ∼10 d after the initial detection. Based on its temporal property and constraints from previous
EP
observations, an unusual timescale in the range of 7–23 d is found for EP240408a, which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term transients. No counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared, with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection, suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these bands. We demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far, by comparison with, in particular, jetted tidal disruption events, gamma-ray bursts, X-ray binaries and fast blue optical transients. The nature of EP240408a thus remains an enigma. We suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of ∼10 d. The detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.
Journal Article
Cyclin D1 is a mediator of gastrointestinal stromal tumor KIT-independence
Oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinase mutations are compelling therapeutic targets in most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and the KIT inhibitor, imatinib, is therefore standard of care for patients with metastatic GIST. However, some GISTs lose expression of KIT oncoproteins, and therefore become KIT-independent and are consequently resistant to KIT-inhibitor drugs. We identified distinctive biologic features in KIT-independent, imatinib-resistant GISTs as a step towards identifying drug targets in these poorly understood tumors. We developed isogenic GIST lines in which the parental forms were KIT oncoprotein-dependent, whereas sublines had loss of KIT oncoprotein expression, accompanied by markedly downregulated expression of the GIST biomarker, protein kinase C-theta (PRKCQ). Biologic mechanisms unique to KIT-independent GISTs were identified by transcriptome sequencing, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, protein interaction studies, knockdown and expression assays, and dual-luciferase assays. Transcriptome sequencing showed that cyclin D1 expression was extremely low in two of three parental KIT-dependent GIST lines, whereas cyclin D1 expression was high in each of the KIT-independent GIST sublines. Cyclin D1 inhibition in KIT-independent GISTs had anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, associated with Rb activation and p27 upregulation. PRKCQ, but not KIT, was a negative regulator of cyclin D1 expression, whereas JUN and Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ were positive regulators of cyclin D1 expression. PRKCQ, JUN, and the Hippo pathway coordinately regulate GIST cyclin D1 expression. These findings highlight the roles of PRKCQ, JUN, Hippo, and cyclin D1 as oncogenic mediators in GISTs that have converted, during TKI-therapy, to a KIT-independent state. Inhibitors of these pathways could be effective therapeutically for these now untreatable tumors.
Journal Article
Tidal and Groundwater Fluxes to a Shallow, Microtidal Estuary: Constraining Inputs Through Field Observations and Hydrodynamic Modeling
Increased nutrient loading to estuaries has led to eutrophication, degraded water quality, and ecological transformations. Quantifying nutrient loads in systems with significant groundwater input can be difficult due to the challenge of measuring groundwater fluxes. We quantified tidal and freshwater fluxes over an 8-week period at the entrance of West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts, a eutrophic, groundwater-fed estuary. Fluxes were estimated from velocity and salinity measurements and a total exchange flow (TEF) methodology. Intermittent cross-sectional measurements of velocity and salinity were used to convert point measurements to cross-sectionally averaged values over the entire deployment (index relationships). The estimated mean freshwater flux (0.19 m 3 /s) for the 8-week period was mainly due to groundwater input (0.21 m 3 /s) with contributions from precipitation to the estuary surface (0.026 m 3 /s) and removal by evaporation (0.048 m 3 /s). Spring—neap variations in freshwater export that appeared in shorter-term averages were mostly artifacts of the index relationships. Hydrodynamic modeling with steady groundwater input demonstrated that while the TEF methodology resolves the freshwater flux signal, calibration of the index—salinity relationships during spring tide conditions only was responsible for most of the spring—neap signal. The mean freshwater flux over the entire period estimated from the combination of the index-velocity, index—salinity, and TEF calculations were consistent with the model, suggesting that this methodology is a reliable way of estimating freshwater fluxes in the estuary over timescales greater than the spring—neap cycle. Combining this type of field campaign with hydrodynamic modeling provides guidance for estimating both magnitude of groundwater input and estuarine storage of freshwater and sets the stage for robust estimation of the nutrient load in groundwater.
Journal Article
Identification of Anti-Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acid IgG Antibodies in Serum of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
High levels of serum long chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) have been associated with inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Dietary SFAs can promote inflammation, the secretion of IgG antibodies, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. This study characterizes anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies from patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum samples from several cohorts with type 2 diabetes were analyzed for the presence of anti-LCSFA IgG, the cytokine IL-1β, and nonesterified fatty acids. Anti-LCSFA IgG was isolated from patient samples and used for in vitro characterization of avidity and specificity. A cohort participating in En Balance, a diabetes health education program that improved diabetes management, tested positive for anti-LCSFA IgG. Following the 3-month program, the cohort showed a significant reduction in anti-LCSFA IgG levels. Anti-LCSFA antibodies isolated from these patients demonstrated high avidity, were specific for long chain SFAs, and correlated with serum fatty acids in patients with managed type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, anti-LCSFA IgG neutralized PA-induced IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells. Our data shows that nonesterified SFAs are recognized by IgG antibodies present in human blood. The identification of anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies in human sera establishes a basis for further exploration of lipid induced immune responses in diabetic patients.
Journal Article
