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A long-standing crucial question with atomic nuclei is whether or not α clustering occurs there. An α particle (helium-4 nucleus) comprises two protons and two neutrons, and may be the building block of some nuclei. This is a very beautiful and fascinating idea, and is indeed plausible because the α particle is particularly stable with a large binding energy. However, direct experimental evidence has never been provided. Here, we show whether and how α (-like) objects emerge in atomic nuclei, by means of state-of-the-art quantum many-body simulations formulated from first principles, utilizing supercomputers including K/Fugaku. The obtained physical quantities exhibit agreement with experimental data. The appearance and variation of the α clustering are shown by utilizing density profiles for the nuclei beryllium-8, -10 and carbon-12. With additional insight by statistical learning, an unexpected crossover picture is presented for the Hoyle state, a critical gateway to the birth of life. Alpha particles are considered the building blocks for some nuclei in alpha-clustering. Here the authors discuss quantum many-body simulations with nucleon-nucleon interaction to characterize the Hoyle state, the first excited 0+ state of the 12C nucleus, and find complexity in its alpha-clustering.

Toxicological Study of Eucalyptus citriodora on Doleschallia bisaltidae as a primary pest of Graptophyllum pictum , was carried out at the Entomology laboratory, ISMECRI, Bogor from January to March 2021. The research consisted of a toxicology study of E. citrodora and larva survival rate of D. bisaltidae . The toxicology study was carried out by direct spray to 3rd instar larva (contact) and spraying the leaves (residual). The study was designed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 6 treatments consisting of Eucalyptus oil concentration: (1) 20%; (2) 10%; (3) 5%; (4) 2.5%; (5) 1.25% and (6) control/water determined through a ranging test first. Contact application: thirty larva were sprayed with each treatment, then placed in a plastic box where ten larva were fed with fresh Graptophyllum leaves. Residual application: five treated Graptophyllum leaves were placed in a plastic box, then filled with ten larva each. Observations were carried out every day. The results showed that Eucalyptus LC50 value by contact was 0.0584 (Y = 8.39 + 2.75X), more toxic than that applied residually with an LC50 value of 3.9487 (Y = 4.51 + 0.81X). The survival rate of larva to imago was higher in the residual treatment compared to the contact.

We present recent results from no-core configuration interaction calculations for 8Be, 10Be, and 12Be using the phenomenological two-body interaction JISP16. We calculate the binding energies of the ground state and the excitation energies of the low-lying positive-parity states. We discuss the contributions from the proton and neutron intrinsic spin and orbital motion to the total spin for several states, and use this to identify states which may be dominated by α-cluster configurations. In addition, we also calculate other observables such as dipole and quadrupole moments, as well as transition rates for select E2 transitions.

Spodoptera frugiperda or Fall Armyworm is an insect pest that highly polyphagous and considered to have greater damage than the other Spodoptera. Two botanical insecticides, i.e. aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) and tuba roots (Derris elliptica) were examined for their effects in mortality (applied by contact and residue) and as a feed reduction. The mortality study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and thirty replications. One replication consists of one larva, then there are thirty larvae in one replication. The results showed that the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf and tuba roots which were applied by contact gave mortality rates as much as 50.0% and 56.7% consecutively, whereas by residual application, the aqueous extract of tobacco leaf (40% mortality) was more toxic compared to aqueous extract of tuba root (23.6% mortality). Aqueous tobacco leaf and tuba root caused feeding reduction of FAW as much as 12.30% and 21.53%, respectively. This showed that these insecticides have potential to be used in the field by farmers because of its has simple preparation method.

Aphelenchoides fragariae, the foliar nematode, is an emerging phytosanitary threat in Indonesia, attacking horticulturals. Initially documented on Andrographis paniculata in 2003, it has now extended to strawberry, shallot, garlic, dracaena, and several ferns. The humid tropical climate of Indonesia, along with its frequent rain, promotes its survival and expansion. This study documents its incidence and quarantine records, summarizes knowledge of biology, host range, and transmission, assesses environmentally safe control measures, and recommends integrated pest management strategies for sustainable horticulturals. This study aimed to encapsulate the Aphelenchoides fragariae species as an invasive species, examining its influence on horticultural systems and the approaches for its management. The study synthesizes national and international literature through the year 2025 to consolidate knowledge on the biology, host range, transmission pathways, documented damage, diagnostic methods, and management options for Aphelenchoides fragariae relevant to Indonesian horticulture. The elements affecting production and trade, as well as eco-friendly control alternatives, were investigated and pinpointed to recommend a practical integrated pest management system that bolsters national agricultural progress and adheres to global phytosanitary requirements. Aphelenchoides fragariae persists in plant debris, enters dormancy under stress, and reproduces rapidly, with a host range of nearly five hundred species across one hundred families. It spreads through rain splash, sprinkler irrigation, infected foliage, asymptomatic planting material, and trade. The nematode causes severe defoliation reported as 60-80 percent and 65-82 percent yield decline under heavy infestation. Alternative management strategies must align with integrated pest management principles, focusing on prevention and low-impact solutions. Use of pest-free planting material, quarantine, molecular surveillance, residue removal, drip irrigation are preventing infestations, hot water treatment, validated botanical nematicides (neem, cashew nutshell liquid, essential oils), biological antagonists, and regulated use of low-toxicity chemicals only asa last resort are suppressing populations. Environmentally safe management of nematodes relies on biological measures such as botanicals, beneficial and antagonistic microbes. Techniques including hot water treatment and sanitation contribute to the reduction of inoculum. Limited use of low-toxicity chemicals, quarantine safeguards, and regulation further improve environmental safety. To achieve effective implementation, it is essential to provide training for farmers, ensure thorough monitoring, foster collaboration, and integrate nematode surveillance within early warning systems.

Fruit flies ( Bactrocera spp) are major pests that attack several horticultural commodities. Synthetic insecticides are often used to control fruit flies. However, in the organic farming system, the use of synthetic insecticides is forbidden. Therefore, natural insecticides are needed. This study aimed to determine the most effective and efficient concentration of Melaleuca essential oil in sticky trap formula as a natural insecticide to control fruit flies in organic farming system. The effectiveness of the formula was designed in randomized blocks with five treatments and five replications. The base glue was made using natural ingredients consisting of gum rosin (60%), palm oil (30%), and latex (10%). The effect of several sticky trap formulas was investigated for 1, 2, and 3 hours and continued daily until the formula was no longer able to trap fruit flies with five different concentrations of Melaleuca essential oil (10%; 7.5%; 5%; 2.5% and 0% (only glue)). The result showed that the use of natural ingredients, including gum rosin, palm oil, latex, and Melaleuca essential oil is quite effective in controlling fruit fly pests. Melaleuca essential oil extracted from Melaleuca bracteata leaves contains 60.28% Methyl eugenol (C 11 H 14 O 2 ) effectively act as an attractant/lure. The most efficient sticky trap formula is 5 ml of Melaleuca essential oil in 100 ml of base glue (around 5%) which can trap 44 fruit flies per trap on the fourth day of use. This study is expected to provide information for local organic farmers in controlling fruit fly pests.

We study meson and diquark bound states using the rainbow-ladder truncation of QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations. The infrared strength of the rainbow-ladder kernel is described by two parameters. The ultraviolet behavior is fixed by the one-loop renormalization group behavior of QCD, which ensures the correct asymptotic behavior of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes and brings important qualitative benefits. The diquark with the lowest mass is the scalar, followed by the axialvector and pseudoscalar diquark. This ordering can be anticipated from the meson sector. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the main pests of rice in Indonesia. This pest infestation causes crop failure up to hundreds of hectares. In fact, not only does it cause direct damage, BPH can also act as a virus vector. One of the most recommended forms of BPH control is integrated pest management where one of the methods involves the application of bioinsecticides. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a bioinsecticide, containing Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae , on BPH mortality, compared to synthetic insecticides containing BPMC 500 g/l. This study was carried out in Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor in 2020 until 2021. The observation applied Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and nine replications, and was done by 2 methods, namely the direct contact method (insect spray) and the residue method (plant spray). The results showed that bioinsecticides are able to cause mortality rates of 32.5% (contact application) and 35% (residual application) on the seventh day after application. Although this result is lower than synthetic insecticides which can cause the mortality rate up to 60% (residual application) and 87.5% (contact application), it still shows that bioinsecticides have the potency to be developed to control BPH in an environmentally friendly setting.

To date, the mutational status of EGFR and PTEN has been shown as relevant for favoring pro- or anti-tumor functions of STAT3 in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We have screened genomic data from 154 patients and have identified a strong positive correlation between STAT3 and HDAC7 expression. In the current work we show the existence of a subpopulation of patients overexpressing HDAC7 and STAT3 that has particularly poor clinical outcome. Surprisingly, the somatic mutation rate of both STAT3 and HDAC7 was insignificant in GBM comparing with EGFR, PTEN or TP53 . Depletion of HDAC7 in a range of GBM cells induced the expression of tyrosine kinase JAK1 and the tumor suppressor AKAP12. Both proteins synergistically sustained the activity of STAT3 by inducing its phosphorylation (JAK1) and protein expression (AKAP12). In absence of HDAC7, activated STAT3 was responsible for significant imbalance of secreted pro-/anti-angiogenic factors. This inhibited the migration and sprouting of endothelial cells in paracrine fashion in vitro as well as angiogenesis in vivo . In a murine model of GBM, induced HDAC7-silencing decreased the tumor burden by threefold. The current data show for the first time that silencing HDAC7 can reset the tumor suppressor activity of STAT3, independently of the EGFR/PTEN/TP53 background of the GBM. This effect could be exploited to overcome tumor heterogeneity and provide a new rationale behind the development of specific HDAC7 inhibitors for clinical use.