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"Marte, Lidia"
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Diásporas del alma: Notas sobre representación y uso estratégico de prácticas espirituales afrocaribeñas
2018
From official cultural policies to the tourism industry in the Caribbean, a racialized spirituality (seasoned with blackness) is celebrated, folklorized and cleaned-up to be used strategically to sell \"authenticity\" and local traditions (such is the case of Puerto Rico, Cuba and Dominican Republic). Yet, negative representations and discrimination against Afro-Caribbean religions continues. What place do we occupy in the Universe? Which kinds of cosmological maps could help us navigate and represent our contradictory human experience? How could we negotiate a healing space for our daily sufferings, challenges and desires? These transcendental spiritual questions become a huge material and philosophical problem in the violent colonial context of plantation slavery in the Caribbean, where the very humanity of enslaved people and their descendants was denied. But these questions become also a huge problem from the perspective of the masters. In these preliminary notes, I offer concerns and reflections about strategic uses of Afro-Caribbean spiritual practices. Particular attention is paid to how marginalized communities in the Caribbean and its diasporas use these small acts of resistance as workshops of vernacular knowledge, memory archives and healing spaces. Desde políticas culturales hasta la industria del turismo en el Caribe, una espiritualidad racializada (condimentada con \"negritud\") es celebrada, \"folklorizada\" e higienizada para ser usada estratégicamente para vender \"autenticidad\" y tradiciones locales (tal es el caso en Puerto Rico, Cuba y República Dominicana). Sin embargo, representaciones negativas y la discriminación de religiones afrocaribeñas aún continúan. ¿Qué lugar ocupamos en el Universo? ¿Qué clases de mapas cosmológicos pueden ayudarnos a navegar y representar nuestra contradictoria experiencia humana? ¿Cómo podemos negociar un espacio de sanación para nuestros sufrimientos, desafíos y deseos diarios? Estas trascendentales preguntas espirituales se tornan en un problema concreto y filosófico en el violento contexto colonial de la esclavitud de las plantaciones en el Caribe, donde la propia humanidad de los esclavos y sus descendientes fue negada. Asimismo, estas preguntas se convierten en un inmenso problema desde la perspectiva de los amos. En estas notas preliminares, ofrezco algunas reflexiones sobre los usos estratégicos de prácticas espirituales afrocaribeñas. Especialmente, abordo el tema de cómo las comunidades marginalizadas del Caribe y sus diásporas usan pequeños actos de resistencia como talleres de conocimiento vernáculo, archivo de recuerdos y espacios de sanación. Des politiques culturelles à l'industrie du tourisme dans la Caraïbe, la spiritualité racialisée, associée à la négritude, est célébrée, « folklorisée » et épurée afin d'être utilisée stratégiquement et faire vendre de l'« authentique » et de la « couleur locale ». Tel est le cas à Porto Rico, à Cuba et en République Dominicaine. Pourtant, des représentations négatives et une discrimination envers les religions afro-caribéennes continuent d'exister. Quel est notre place dans l'univers ? Quelles sortes de cartes cosmologiques peuvent nous aider à nous orienter et représenter notre propre expérience humaine faite de contradictions ? Comment pouvons-nous négocier un espace d'apaisement à nos souffrances, nos gageures et nos désirs quotidiens ? Ces questions transcendantales et spirituelles se transforment en un problème concret et philosophique dans le contexte violent des sociétés plantationnaires de la Caraïbe, dans lesquelles l'humanité même des esclaves et de leurs descendants fut niée. Dans ces recherches préliminaires, j'offre quelques pistes de réflexion sur les utilisations stratégiques de pratiques spirituelles afro-caribéennes. J'aborde en particulier la question des communautés marginalisées de la Caraïbe et de ses diasporas et comment ces communautés prennent part à de petits actes de résistance à travers des ateliers de savoirs vernaculaires, d'archives du souvenir et d'espaces dédiés au mieux-être.
Journal Article
DIÁSPORAS DEL ALMA: NOTAS SOBRE REPRESENTACIÓN Y USO ESTRATÉGICO DE PRÁCTICAS ESPIRITUALES AFRO-CARIBEÑAS
by
Marte, Lidia
2018
From official cultural policies to the tourism industry in the Caribbean, a racialized spirituality (seasoned with blackness) is celebrated, folklorized and cleaned-up to be used strategically to sell \"authenticity\" and local traditions (such is the case of Puerto Rico, Cuba and Dominican Republic). Yet, negative representations and discrimination against Afro-Caribbean religions continues. What place do we occupy in the Universe? Which kinds of cosmological maps could help us navigate and represent our contradictory human experience? How could we negotiate a healing space for our daily sufferings, challenges and desires? These transcendental spiritual questions become a huge material and philosophical problem in the violent colonial context of plantation slavery in the Caribbean, where the very humanity of enslaved people and their descendants was denied. But these questions become also a huge problem from the perspective of the masters. In these preliminary notes, I offer concerns and reflections about strategic uses of Afro-Caribbean spiritual practices. Particular attention is paid to how marginalized communities in the Caribbean and its diasporas use these small acts of resistance as workshops of vernacular knowledge, memory archives and healing spaces. Desde políticas culturales hasta la industria del turismo en el Caribe, una espiritualidad racializada (condimentada con \"negritud\") es celebrada, \"folklorizada\" e higienizada para ser usada estratégicamente para vender \"autenticidad\" y tradiciones locales (tal es el caso en Puerto Rico, Cuba y República Dominicana). Sin embargo, representaciones negativas y la discriminatión de religiones afrocaribeñas aún continúan. ¿Qué lugar ocupamos en el Universo? ¿Qué clases de mapas cosmológicos pueden ayudarnos a navegar y representar nuestra contradictoria experiencia humana? ¿Cómo podemos negociar un espacio de sanacion para nuestros sufrimientos, desafíos y deseos diarios? Estas trascendentales preguntas espirituales se tornan en un problema concreto y filosófico en el violento contexto colonial de la esclavitud de las plantaciones en el Caribe, donde la propia humanidad de los esclavos y sus descendientes fue negada. Asimismo, estas preguntas se convierten en un inmenso problema desde la perspectiva de los amos. En estas notas preliminares, ofrezco algunas reflexiones sobre los usos estratégicos de prácticas espirituales afrocaribeñas. Especialmente, abordo el tema de cómo las comunidades marginalizadas del Caribe y sus diásporas usan pequeños actos de resistencia como talleres de conocimiento vernaculo, archivo de recuerdos y espacios de sanación. Des politiques culturelles à l'industrie du tourisme dans la Caraïbe, la spiritualité racialisée, associée à la négritude, est célébrée, « folklorisée » et épurée afin d'être utilisée stratégiquement et faire vendre de l'« authentique » et de la « couleur locale ». Tel est le cas à Porto Rico, à Cuba et en République Dominicaine. Pourtant, des représentations négatives et une discrimination envers les religions afro-caribéennes continuent d'exister. Quel est notre place dans l'univers ? Quelles sortes de cartes cosmologiques peuvent nous aider à nous orienter et represénter notre propre expérience humaine faite de contradictions ? Comment pouvons-nous négocier un espace d'apaisement à nos souffrances, nos gageures et nos désirs quotidiens ? Ces questions transcendantales et spirituelles se transforment en un probléme concret et philosophique dans le contexte violent des sociétés plantationnaires de la Caraïbe, dans lesquelles l'humanité même des esclaves et de leurs descendants fut niée. Dans ces recherches préliminaries, j'offre quelques pistes de réflexion sur les utilisations stratégiques de pratiques spirituelles afro-caribéennes. J'aborde en particulier la question des communautés marginalisées de la Caraïbe et de ses diasporas et comment ces communautés prennent part à de petits actes de résistance à travers des ateliers de savoirs vernaculaires, d'archives du souvenir et d'espaces dédiés au mieux-être.
Journal Article
MSG and Sugar
2010
Even though I got initiated as an anthropologist by eating durian and spicy Mexican grasshoppers (my academic adviser offered these “exotic” foods to me in Austin, Texas, as we were discussing my future dissertation project), the most challenging eating events happened while doing fieldwork research on food, memory, and narratives of “home” among Dominican communities in New York City. My body is sensitive to MSG (monosodium glutamate, a potent food additive) and to refined sugars. When I eat MSG, my eyelids grow heavy, my eyes cross, and my muscles grow weak. I feel overwhelmingly sleepy, and I am completely unable
Book Chapter
Migrant seasonings: Food practices, cultural memory, and narratives of ‘home’ among Dominican communities in New York City
2008
This dissertation examines politics and poetics of food, memory and 'home' among Dominican immigrants in New York City. Through a framework of 'foodmaps' it traces cultural histories of seven Dominican families from the gendered perspectives of the cooks in each household. Examining translocal food paths reveal the crucial role of migrant food relations in gendered production of home, place-making and community formations. 'Migrant seasonings' (the way immigrants season their foods and lives and the way they are 'seasoned' into new social relations) could be understood as contested sites of power negotiations, as strategic reclamation of 'small measures of autonomy', sociopolitical action, and historical visibility. Dominican foodmaps respond to culturally and historically specific 'roots' and 'routes' shared with other Afro-diasporic populations in the Americas. Food-place-memory becomes hence a continuum between geopolitical 'seasonings' in sending societies and new racializations in the US. Some findings of this project are: (1) food paid-unpaid labor are critical in negotiations of labor-time, places and social relations within households and in relation to the City and US state; (2) food is a key mediation for the way Dominican migrants learn to navigate and orient themselves in new environments; (3) cooking practices are inseparable from the narrative memories that give them meaning, constituting complex memory-work strategies, communicative and expressive means; (4) Food practices are crucial for the way cooks (especially women) claim value and autonomy for their life projects, produce senses of 'home', and re-inscribe through food-narratives their migrant history of struggles in Dominican Republic and the U.S. Basic contributions of this work are: (1) filling gaps in critical ethnographic research on food, gender and migration in Dominican and Caribbean studies; (2) development of a 'foodmaps' framework (a method-analytic frame to trace boundaries of 'home' through food relations); (3) examining food practices beyond ‘ethnic foodways' tradition and nostalgia, but instead as critical and traumatic place-memory sites of implicit resistance, and as narrative spaces that re-inscribe working-class histories into hegemonic national narratives; (4) problematizing notions of private/public, personal/collective, memory/history in Afro-Caribbean socio-cultural formations; and (5) 'native' ethnography usage of interdisciplinary feminist, collaborative and media-based methodologies.
Dissertation