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Background Climate change has been shown to have long-term effects on mental health, yet, to date, there have been few studies on how children and adolescents experience and respond to ecological changes and how and why they engage in climate action. We explored empirically young people’s views about climate change and how distinct cultural contexts influence individual climate action. Methods We invited children and adolescents (ages 7 to 18) and their caregivers from the general population in the United States and France to participate in semi-structured focus groups. We recruited 74 participants, 39 in the U.S. (33 children and adolescents, 6 parents) and 35 in France (32 children and adolescents, 3 parents). Focus groups with participants centered on their emotions, beliefs, and actions around climate change. We analyzed the focus group data and developed themes via grounded theory and symbolic interactionist approaches. Results Many participants described experiencing anger, hopelessness, guilt, and sadness in response to climate change, and a smaller number endorsed significant anxiety symptoms; many described frustration about needing to fix the mistakes of earlier generations. Younger participants frequently misunderstood the purpose of their parents’ eco-conscious behaviors unless they were provided with age-appropriate explanations. Participants described a spectrum of experiences when trying to discuss climate change with peers and family, ranging from genuine support to apathy to hostility. Between the two samples, U.S. participants experienced more conflict with adults about climate change than French participants, but French participants described a greater lack of political agency compared to U.S. participants. Participants in both samples expressed a relatively balanced view of climate action, recognizing the significance of individual actions while acknowledging the limits of their power in the face of systemic issues. Some found hope and empowerment through climate action and building communities around it. Conclusion Discussing with children and adolescents what adults are doing to mitigate climate change can provide reassurance, model prosocial behaviors, and inspire their own investment in climate action. Adults seeking to support the psychological well-being of young people should both support their concerns and actions around climate change and create avenues for young people to meaningfully engage in climate action.

The fruits of that financial largesse have been foundational for projects in child and adolescent psychiatry-ranging from his own areas of expertise (Tourettes syndrome [4], autism spectrum disorders [5, 6], developmental psychopathology [7, 8], and psychoanalysis [9]) to entire new lines of inquiry in child education and policy (10), peace initiatives through childrens mental health (11), trauma (12) and disaster (13), including when Tel Aviv and Haifa came under SCUD missile attacks in 1991 (14,15), pediatric psychopharmacology (16) and psycho-oncology (17), and molecular- (18) and pluripotentcell(19) informed biological psychiatry, among others. A new oleh and erstwhile resident of Palm Springs, California, Guralnick Bernstein is a Lifetime Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, and of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, where for 22 years he served as a core member of its ethics committee. First: my wife Rebecca is Donald's second of four children (from this point on, \"Cohen\" is too formal a name for my children's Zayde and late father-in-law, of blessed memory). [...]Donald was my mentor and my friend, as well as of a group of my Israeli professional siblings, dear colleagues who are now among the nation's leaders in child and adolescent psychiatry:

Rhizobia are Gram-negative bacteria known for their ability to fix atmospheric N-2 in symbiosis with leguminous plants. Current evidence shows that rhizobia carry in most cases a variable number of plasmids, containing genes necessary for symbiosis or free-living, a common feature being the presence of several plasmid replicons within the same strain. For many years, we have been studying the mobilization properties of pSmeLPU88b from the strain Sinorhizobium meliloti LPU88, an isolate from Argentina. To advance in the characterization of pSmeLPU88b plasmid, the full sequence was obtained. pSmeLPU88b is 35.9 kb in size, had an average GC % of 58.6 and 31 CDS. Two replication modules were identified in silico: one belonging to the repABC type, and the other to the repC. The replication modules presented high DNA identity to the replication modules from plasmid pMBA9a present in an S. meliloti isolate from Canada. In addition, three CDS presenting identity with recombinases and with toxin-antitoxin systems were found downstream of the repABC system. It is noteworthy that these CDS present the same genetic structure in pSmeLPU88b and in other rhizobial plasmids. Moreover, in all cases they are found downstream of the repABC operon. By cloning each replication system in suicide plasmids, we demonstrated that each of them can support plasmid replication in the S. meliloti genetic background, but with different stability behavior. Interestingly, while incompatibility analysis of the cloned rep systems results in the loss of the parental module, both obtained plasmids can coexist together.

As part of a series of autobiographical case reports about physicians reporting on their own medical afflictions, a psychiatrist reflects on his lifelong experience with an illness under his discipline's purview.

BackgroundObesity and rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) are independent risk factors for development of cholelithiasis (CL), a prevalent disease in the Chilean population. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CL in obese Chilean patients 12 months after BS and identify risk factors for development of gallstones.MethodsRetrospective study of patients who underwent BS in 2014. Patients with preoperative negative abdominal ultrasound (US) for CL and follow-up for at least than 12 months were included. Patients underwent US at 6 months and 12 months. We analyzed sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), surgical procedure, percentage of excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) at 6 months, and BMI at 6 months.ResultsOf 279 patients who underwent bariatric surgery during 2014, 66 had previous gallbladder disease and 176 met the inclusion criteria (82.6%), while 54.6% were female. The mean age was 37.8 ± 10.5 years and preoperative BMI was 37.5 kg/m2. BMI and %EBMIL at 6 months were 27.8 ± 3.3 kg/m2 and 77.9 ± 33.6%, respectively. At 12 months after BS, CL was found in 65 patients (36.9%). Hypertension turned out to be protective against occurrence of gallstones at 1 year with an OR 0.241.ConclusionsIncidence of CL was up to one-third of the patients followed up for 12 months after BS. Excessive weight loss and other variables studied did not increase risk. Hypertension seems to be protective against gallstone formation, but this result needs further analysis.

Fungal diseases such as Botrytis cinerea threaten grapevine production, causing substantial yield losses and quality deterioration. To manage these pathogens, viticulture relies heavily on chemical fungicides, which may negatively affect the environment, human health, and wine quality. The growing demand for environmentally safe and residue-free alternatives has therefore stimulated interest in Bacillus spp. as biological control agents. In this study, five Bacillus strains previously isolated from the rhizosphere of Argentine vineyards and known to exhibit biocontrol activity against B. cinerea were investigated to determine their taxonomic identity and biocontrol potential. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses revealed two clearly defined species groups: Bacillus cereus sensu stricto (FAU20, AMCV8, and TCT6) and Bacillus subtilis sensu stricto (AMCV2 and FAU18). The classification of B. cereus group strains remained challenging due to high genomic similarity and inconsistencies among current taxonomic frameworks. Genome mining identified multiple biosynthetic gene clusters associated with secondary metabolite production, including cyclic lipopeptides. Bioassays confirmed that AMCV2 and FAU18 produced cyclic lipopeptides capable of inhibiting B. cinerea , whereas the B. cereus group strains produced only siderophores. Overall, these findings support AMCV2 and FAU18 as promising candidates for sustainable Bacillus -based biofungicides.

Introduction The recent term phubbing is the amalgamation of the words ph one and sn ubbing , and refers to those phone-related behaviors through which we ignore, dismiss, or otherwise eschew social interactions. Little is known about phubbing among child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs), a group often called upon to provide direction on how to guide children in their rapidly evolving cybernetic contexts. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study of trainees in CAP ( n  = 73; 68% women), recruited in the US (6 training programs; n  = 35) and Türkiye (5 programs; n  = 38). For the quantitative component, we administered two standardized tests: the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) , and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP). For the qualitative component, we conducted site-specific focus groups. After transcription, translation, and anonymization of the digitally recorded sessions, we analyzed the data using thematic analysis informed by interpretative phenomenology. Results Younger participants scored higher on the GSP ( r = -0.43, < 0.001), but ratings did not differ between countries (F = 0.65, df = 1, 70, p  = 0.42). GSBP scores did not differ across age or country ( p  > 0.05). Through thematic analysis we arrived at a four-domain model: (1) Perceptions : regarding the role of smartphone use in modern society and their social implications); (2) Explanations : respondents’ conceptualization of antecedents to phubbing behaviors; (3) Consequences : specific outcomes, such as normalization or split attention; and (4) Recommendations : strategies to address phubbing and problematic phone use. Conclusions Phubbing is a ubiquitous behavior that can have social and emotional consequences. Through a more nuanced understanding of their own phubbing practices, CAPs can modify maladaptive behaviors of their own, have a more empathetic understanding of phubbing by youths under their care, and provide more realistic guidance regarding smartphone use to patients and their families.