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\"Discover Morocco with this comprehensive, entertaining, 'tell it like it is' Rough Guide, packed with comprehensive practical information and our experts' honest and independent recommendations. Whether you plan to hike in the Atlas Mountains, surf on the Atlantic coast, shop in the souks or camp in the Sahara, The Rough Guide to Morocco will help you discover the best places to explore, sleep, eat, drink and shop along the way.\"--Provided by publisher.

Purpose Applying social capital and the social exchange theories to customer-to-customer (C2C) interactions, this study aims to propose that interaction quality perceptions affect the customer-to-service provider’s interaction quality perceptions in a prolonged, close-proximity service setting. Examining this exogenous dimension, the study also tests socio-emotional support perception’s mediating effect and customer proactiveness’ moderating effect. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts and modifies existing general services of C2C interaction dimensions to fit the health-care context. An in-person survey of 192 neurosurgery inpatients and their care-giving companions (both considered health-care customers) provides data to validate the dimensions and test the model. Structural equation modeling and moderated regression test the hypotheses. Findings Results show that affirmative C2C interactions positively affect the customer’s perceived socio-emotional support, whereas negative C2C interactions show no significant impact. Greater socio-emotional support acuity improves customers’ assurance and empathy quality perceptions about the provider’s service. Customer proactiveness moderates C2C interaction dimensions. Research limitations/implications This study extends the research of the C2C interaction to include their effect on service quality perceptions in a prolonged close-proximity service setting. Study results validate C2C interaction’s dimensions specific to an inpatient setting. Finally, this study extends the application of social capital theory and social exchange theory to C2C settings. Practical implications Findings emphasize the importance of managing C2C interactions during prolonged, close-proximity service delivery processes to improve customer perceptions of service quality. Results suggest that managers should monitor customer proactiveness to maximize positive C2C interactions’ positive effects while minimizing negative C2C interactions. Originality/value Prior service quality studies tend to focus on managing internal resources (staff, processes or physical environment); however, this study examines how the interactions among external resources create a halo effect and impact customers’ service quality perceptions. Results inform methods to improve their quality perceptions by better managing exogenous factors. The study also responds to calls for research on how C2C interactions affect functional service contexts (vs hedonic service contexts).

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate talent management (TM) practices of independent fine dining restaurant (FDR) organizations and explores why employee retention rates in FDRs are higher than other restaurants. This research adds to the TM literature by surfacing attitudes and influences that lead to employee retention.Design/methodology/approachThe present study collects data using McCracken’s (1988) long interview method to provide insights into value similarities and differences between employees and independent restaurant managers. Fourteen interviews at two independent FDRs inform the results. This study employs a grounded theory approach.FindingsStudy results show that people take pride in working for the restaurants and the culture within the restaurant inspires a higher level of self-esteem. This independent, family-owned environment helps employees and managers achieve higher work performance and satisfy overall lifestyle needs. Respondents report their employment helps them to do things that bring out the best in them and allows them to accomplish other things that they want in life. The study also suggests that a shared value system between employees and managers creates a more stable workforce and longer tenure.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study examines only two independent family-owned FDRs, so generalization is limited. The current study uses grounded theory to expand on research in the TM literature.Practical implicationsIf owners and managers of FDR focus on addressing employees’ higher-order motivational needs, they have a better chance of retaining employees. Losing productive employees has high direct and indirect costs, and the restaurant industry is plagued with high turnover. Independent restaurants also need to evaluate their new employee orientations because unstructured training contributes to an environment of uncertainty. Developing a positive culture in an FDR is possible with a focused, family-oriented business. This work culture takes time to develop. Recruiting and selection methods to ensure a fit with the culture and values are a cost-effective method to ensure the continuation of this culture. The consistent values between employees and managers in this study demonstrate that hiring for personal values and not necessarily for skills already developed helps with positive TM in FDR.Originality/valueThe current study extends the knowledge in TM, ecological systems theory and motivational needs-based theory through detailed interviews and value analyses. Long interviews and triangulation of the data surface conscious and nonconscious memories from both employees and managers specifically relating to employee retention factors in FDR.

Purpose – This paper aims to demonstrate deep gaze using a Japanese Shinto wedding ceremony as an example. Some long-term tourists develop an intimate understanding of the host country’s culture by gaining access to authentic experiences typically limited to the locals. These native visitors experience a deep gaze. Design/methodology/approach – Combing subjective personal introspection (SPI) and confirmatory personal introspection (CPI), the author’s 76 wedding photographs are examined critically. Findings – Results demonstrate how a native visitor uses SPI and CPI analyses of native gaze. While the Shinto wedding ceremony’s authenticity mixes traditional and evolutionary elements, the ceremony is best viewed as a Gestalt experience. The evidence suggests authenticity need not have deep roots in the culture. Research limitations/implications – The findings serve as only one configuration of many possible gazes. Tourist Gaze 4.0 is a set of complex antecedent conditions and multiple configurations. Originality/value – Using photographs taken by native family members, this paper demonstrates how SPI and CPI identify deep gaze through a different lens.

Purpose - This paper aims to introduce a structuring and processing model (SPM) as a framework for tourism decision making research.Design methodology approach - The study employs McCracken's long interview to collect data in field settings. The study introduces advances in Mintzberg et al.'s approach to structuring seemingly unstructured decision making to explain travelers' decision-making processes.Findings - SPM enables mapping and comparing visitors' plans, motivations, choices, and consequences. The results demonstrate nuanced decision-behavior dynamics and complexities of visitors' travel-related unconscious conscious thinking and behavior.Research limitations implications - SPM does not attempt to generalize findings to large survey samples.Practical implications - Travel planning and execution dynamics dictate that a decision-making funnel metaphor in consumer research does not capture such trip complexity because additional decisions are made when the traveler arrives at the destination.Originality value - SPM is dynamic and inclusive explaining simultaneous planning elements as well as considering sub-decisions occurring before and after different phases in the process. This model includes both conscious and unconscious internal retrievals as well as contextual influences relating to current planning affect the decision-making process.

Purpose - Acculturation theory shows how foreign actors have evolved in Japanese television commercials. If advertising mirrors culture, foreign businesses trying to advertise products in Japan need to be aware of societal changes and tailor their messages to the preferences of the local population. This paper aims to address these issues.Design methodology approach - Content analysis explores the changing role of foreign female actors in Japanese television advertising for the years 1992 and 2002. Advertisements' setting, roles, appeals, and verbal and nonverbal communications are tested by chi-square analysis.Findings - Ads from the 2002 data set show increases in both traditional and modern themes in regards to the location of the ads, roles foreign females play, the advertising appeals, and the use of Japanese communication modalities. The findings suggest that advertisers are consciously or unconsciously incorporating cultural assimilation when ads include foreign actors.Research limitations implications - Acculturation theory is useful for explaining cultural shifts to develop more effective advertising messages. Differences in portrayals of foreign people in advertising reflect changes in cultural values that appear to be changing more rapidly due to global trade and communication technology innovations.Practical implications - Recognizing shifts in cultural norms allows marketers to more effectively communicate with target audiences. Advertisers employing foreign actors may find their messages more effective if local cultural assimilation is used.Originality value - This paper identifies and examines changes in communication modalities to show foreign actors displaying Japanese mannerisms. The evidence suggests cultural norms evolve sometimes quickly over time. Even advertisers using a localized approach must carefully monitor changes in cultural norms to assure message effectiveness.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenemia, and obesity. It is currently accepted that women with PCOS are also at risk for endometriosis, but the effect of androgen and obesity on endometriosis has been underexplored. The goal of this study was to determine how testosterone (T) and an obesogenic diet impact the progression of endometriosis in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model. Female rhesus macaques were treated with T (serum levels approximately 1.35 ng/ml), Western-style diet (WSD; 36% of calories from fat compared to 16% in standard monkey chow) or the combination (T + WSD) at the time of menarche as part of a longitudinal study for ∼7 years. Severity of endometriosis was determined based on American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) revised criteria, and staged 1–4. Stages 1 and 2 were associated with extent of abdominal adhesions, while stages 3 and 4 were associated with presence of chocolate cysts. The combined treatment of T + WSD resulted in earlier onset of endometriosis and more severe types associated with large chocolate cysts compared to all other treatments. There was a strong correlation between glucose clearance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and total percentage of body fat with presence of cysts, indicating possible indirect contribution of hyperandrogenemia via metabolic dysfunction. An RNA-seq analysis of omental adipose tissue revealed significant impacts on a number of inflammatory signaling pathways. The interactions between obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and abdominal inflammation deserve additional investigation in NHP model species. Summary Sentence This nonhuman primate study demonstrates metabolic disturbances associated with exposure to androgens and an obesogenic diet accelerates onset of cystic endometriosis.

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to investigate customer purchase of a service organization's logo branded merchandise as a type of customer voluntary performance behavior.Design methodology approach - The article employs three separate studies; two are conducted with customers of Curves, the world's largest fitness franchise, and the other is conducted at a weight-lifting gym. Two empirical studies test a proposed mediation model using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping techniques. The third study represents a humanistic inquiry that elucidates the social influences that encourage a customer to purchase a service firm's logo products.Findings - The results show that a customer's integration into a service-based community encourages him or her to purchase the firm's logo merchandise. In addition, a customer's ability to identify with the firm mediates this relationship. The immersion of customers' self- and social identities in a firm emerges as a critical factor to enhancing their appreciation of the firm by purchasing financially lucrative logo consumables.Research limitations implications - The article theoretically links customer voluntary performance with a customer's integration into a service community (ISC), organizational identification, and pooled associations. Because the concept of ISC is newly coined in this article, researchers are encouraged to develop the concept both empirically and theoretically.Practical implications - Service and retail managers should understand that a key to selling organizational logo branded merchandise is to encourage customers to form in-house social relationships with other customers and employees.Originality value - The article demonstrates that service-based customer communities are often lucrative for service firms. Customers may demonstrate their appreciation for commercially based friendships by purchasing and displaying the host organization's logo products.

Providing optimal clinical and behavioral care is a key component of promoting animal welfare for macaques and other nonhuman primates (NHPs) in research. This overlap between critical areas of management is particularly important for NHPs on infectious disease protocols, which often have unique challenges. For example, traditionally these NHPs were often housed alone, which can have behavioral and clinical consequences. However, in the past decade or so, considerable effort has been directed at modifying procedures in an effort to improve animal welfare for this group of NHPs. In this review, we examine some refinements that can positively impact the clinical and behavioral management of macaques on infectious disease studies, including increased social housing and the use of positive reinforcement techniques to train animals to cooperate with procedures such as daily injections or awake blood draws. We also discuss ways to facilitate the implementation of these refinements, as well as to identify logistical considerations for their implementation. Finally, we look to the future and consider what more we can do to improve the welfare of these animals.