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"Martin, Lori"
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Wearable multimodal sensors for the detection of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia using personalized machine learning models
Introduction Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) signal distress or unmet needs and present a risk to people with dementia and their caregivers. Variability in the expression of these symptoms is a barrier to the performance of digital biomarkers. The aim of this study was to use wearable multimodal sensors to develop personalized machine learning models capable of detecting individual patterns of BPSD. Methods Older adults with dementia and BPSD (n = 17) on a dementia care unit wore a wristband during waking hours for up to 8 weeks. The wristband captured motion (accelerometer) and physiological indicators (blood volume pulse, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature). Agitation or aggression events were tracked, and research staff reviewed videos to precisely annotate the sensor data. Personalized machine learning models were developed using 1‐minute intervals and classifying the presence of behavioral symptoms, and behavioral symptoms by type (motor agitation, verbal aggression, or physical aggression). Results Behavioral events were rare, representing 3.4% of the total data. Personalized models classified behavioral symptoms with a median area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.87 (range 0.64–0.95). The relative importance of the different sensor features to the predictive models varied both by individual and behavior type. Discussion Patterns of sensor data associated with BPSD are highly individualized, and future studies of the digital phenotyping of these behaviors would benefit from personalization.
Journal Article
Introduction to Africana Demography
In Introduction to Africana Demography: Lessons from Founders E. Franklin Frazier, W.E.B. Du Bois, and the Atlanta School of Sociology scholars from across the country wed Black Sociology with critical demography within an Africana Demography framework. Contributors speak to innovative ways to address pressing issues and have the added benefit of affording many of the scholars denied their rightful place in the sociological and demographic canons. Specifically, the book includes an introduction outlining Africana demography and chapters that provide a critique of conventional demographic approaches to understanding race and social institutions, such as the family, religion, and the criminal justice system. Contributors include: Lori Latrice Martin, Anthony Hill, Melinda Jackson-Jefferson, Maretta McDonald, Weldon McWilliams, Jack S. Monell, Edward Muhammad, Brianne Painia, Tifanie Pulley, David I. Rudder, Jas M. Sullivan, Arthur Whaley, and Deadric Williams.
eBook
Challenges in Collecting Big Data in A Clinical Environment with Vulnerable Population: Lessons Learned from A Study Using A Multi-modal Sensors Platform
Agitation is one of the most common behavioural and psychological symptoms in people living with dementia (PLwD). This behaviour can cause tremendous stress and anxiety on family caregivers and healthcare providers. Direct observation of PLwD is the traditional way to measure episodes of agitation. However, this method is subjective, bias-prone and timeconsuming. Importantly, it does not predict the onset of the agitation. Therefore, there is a need to develop a continuous monitoring system that can detect and/or predict the onset of agitation. In this study, a multi-modal sensor platform with video cameras, motion and door sensors, wristbands and pressure mats were set up in a hospital-based dementia behavioural care unit to develop a predictive system to identify the onset of agitation. The research team faced several barriers in the development and initiation of the study, namely addressing concerns about the study ethics, logistics and costs of study activities, device design for PLwD and limitations of its use in the hospital. In this paper, the strategies and methodologies that were implemented to address these challenges are discussed for consideration by future researchers who will conduct similar studies in a hospital setting.
Journal Article
Big box schools
Big Box Schools examines the current educational reform movement and the negative impact of the adoption of the big box business model to public education, especially on students, families, and communities of color for whom the public school system is the only option.
eBook
Skelly's Halloween
When a fall causes Skelly B. Skeleton to come apart on Halloween, his animal friends try to put him back together based on their own bodies.
Book
Unaltered hepatic wound healing response in male rats with ancestral liver injury
The possibility that ancestral environmental exposure could result in adaptive inherited effects in mammals has been long debated. Numerous rodent models of transgenerational responses to various environmental factors have been published but due to technical, operational and resource burden, most still await independent confirmation. A previous study reported multigenerational epigenetic adaptation of the hepatic wound healing response upon exposure to the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl
4
) in male rats. Here, we comprehensively investigate the transgenerational effects by repeating the original CCl
4
multigenerational study with increased power, pedigree tracing, F2 dose-response and suitable randomization schemes. Detailed pathology evaluations do not support adaptive phenotypic suppression of the hepatic wound healing response or a greater fitness of F2 animals with ancestral liver injury exposure. However, transcriptomic analyses identified genes whose expression correlates with ancestral liver injury, although the biological relevance of this apparent transgenerational transmission at the molecular level remains to be determined. This work overall highlights the need for independent evaluation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance paradigms in mammals.
How much the environment influences inherited adaptive traits is debated and challenging to demonstrate in mammals. Here the authors performed a multigeneration study that failed to morphologically replicate enhanced wound healing response following ancestral liver injury in rats. However, heritable transcriptional effects suggest transmission at the molecular level, albeit of unclear functional relevance.
Journal Article