Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
3,051
result(s) for
"Martin, Mike"
Sort by:
Brain structure and cognitive ability in healthy aging: a review on longitudinal correlated change
Little is still known about the neuroanatomical substrates related to changes in specific cognitive abilities in the course of healthy aging, and the existing evidence is predominantly based on cross-sectional studies. However, to understand the intricate dynamics between developmental changes in brain structure and changes in cognitive ability, longitudinal studies are needed. In the present article, we review the current longitudinal evidence on correlated changes between magnetic resonance imaging-derived measures of brain structure (e.g. gray matter/white matter volume, cortical thickness), and laboratory-based measures of fluid cognitive ability (e.g. intelligence, memory, processing speed) in healthy older adults. To theoretically embed the discussion, we refer to the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition. We found 31 eligible articles, with sample sizes ranging from n = 25 to n = 731 (median n = 104), and participant age ranging from 19 to 103. Several of these studies report positive correlated changes for specific regions and specific cognitive abilities (e.g. between structures of the medial temporal lobe and episodic memory). However, the number of studies presenting converging evidence is small, and the large methodological variability between studies precludes general conclusions. Methodological and theoretical limitations are discussed. Clearly, more empirical evidence is needed to advance the field. Therefore, we provide guidance for future researchers by presenting ideas to stimulate theory and methods for development.
Journal Article
Cognitive abilities predict naturalistic speech length in older adults
Past research has demonstrated the association between social engagement and the maintenance of cognitive abilities. However, inconsistent definitions of social engagement have posed challenges to systematically investigate this association. This paper addresses the role of social relationships in cognitive functioning among older adults, focusing on the real-life communication indicator—length of own speech—as a measure of social activity. Utilizing advanced technology to unobtrusively measure older adults’ real-life speech, this study investigates its association with various cognitive abilities and sociodemographic factors. Differential cognitive measures, and sociodemographic data including factors like age, sex, education, income, persons living in the same household, loneliness, and subjective hearing status were included. Audio data of 83 participants are analyzed with a machine learning speaker identification algorithm. Using Elastic Net regularized regression, results indicate that higher levels of working memory, cognitive speed, and semantic fluency predict own speech in everyday life. While having no partner negatively predicted own speech length, we unexpectedly found that higher hearing status was related to lower speech frequency. Age was neither a relevant predictor in the regression nor correlated with any other variables. We discuss implications and future research applications based on the findings from our novel approach.
Journal Article
When I am sixty-four… evaluating language markers of well-being in healthy aging narratives
Natural language use is a promising candidate for the development of innovative measures of well-being to complement self-report measures. The type of words individuals use can reveal important psychological processes that underlie well-being across the lifespan. In this preregistered, cross-sectional study, we propose a conceptual model of language markers of well-being and use written narratives about healthy aging (
N
= 701) and computerized text analysis (LIWC) to empirically validate the model. As hypothesized, we identified a model with three groups of language markers (reflecting affective, evaluative, and social processes). Initial validation with established self-report scales (
N
= 30 subscales) showed that these language markers reliably predict core components of well-being and underlying processes. Our results support the concurrent validity of the conceptual language model and allude to the added benefits of language-based measures, which are thought to reflect less conscious processes of well-being. Future research is needed to continue validating language markers of well-being across the lifespan in a theoretically informed and contextualized way, which will lay the foundation for inferring people’s well-being from their natural language use.
Journal Article
Value stream mapping : how to visualize work and align leadership for organizational transformation
\"The first of its kind--a Value Stream Mapping book written for those in service and office environments who need to streamline operationsValue Stream Mapping is a practical, how-to guide that helps decision-makers improve value stream efficiency in virtually any setting, including construction, energy, financial service, government, healthcare, R&D, retail, and technology. It gives you the tools to address a wider range of important VSM issues than any other such book, including the psychology of change, leadership, creating teams, building consensus, and charter development.Karen Martin is principal consultant for Karen Martin & Associates, LLC, instructor for the University of California, San Diego's Lean Enterprise program, and industry advisor to the University of San Diego's Industrial and Systems Engineering program. Mike Osterling provides support and leadership to manufacturing and non-manufacturing organizations on their Lean Transformation Journey. In a continuous improvement leadership role for six years, Mike played a key role in Square D Company's lean transformation in the 1990s\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Impurity temperature screening in stellarators close to quasisymmetry
Impurity temperature screening is a favourable neoclassical phenomenon involving an outward radial flux of impurity ions from the core of fusion devices. Quasisymmetric magnetic fields lead to intrinsically ambipolar neoclassical fluxes that give rise to temperature screening for low enough $\\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}^{-1}\\equiv d\\ln n/d\\ln T$. In contrast, neoclassical fluxes in generic stellarators will depend on the radial electric field, which is predicted to be inward for ion-root plasmas, potentially leading to impurity accumulation. Here, we examine the impurity particle flux in a number of approximately quasisymmetric stellarator configurations and parameter regimes while varying the amount of symmetry breaking in the magnetic field. For the majority of this work, neoclassical fluxes have been obtained using the SFINCS drift-kinetic equation solver with electrostatic potential $\\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}=\\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(r)$, where $r$ is a flux-surface label. Results indicate that achieving temperature screening is possible, but unlikely, at low-collisionality reactor-relevant conditions in the core. Thus, the small departures from symmetry in nominally quasisymmetric stellarators are large enough to significantly alter the neoclassical impurity transport. A further look at the magnitude of these fluxes when compared to a gyro-Bohm turbulence estimate suggests that neoclassical fluxes are small in configurations optimized for quasisymmetry when compared to turbulent fluxes.
Journal Article
George R.R. Martin's. The hedge knight : the graphic novel /
Chronicles a young squire as he travels the cruel and complex path to knighthood in the Seven Kingdoms.
Book
Effects of simultaneously performed cognitive and physical training in older adults
Background
While many studies confirm the positive effect of cognitive and physical training on cognitive performance of older adults, only little is known about the effects of simultaneously performed cognitive and physical training. In the current study, older adults simultaneously performed a verbal working memory and a cardiovascular training to improve cognitive and motor-cognitive dual task performance. Twenty training sessions of 30 minutes each were conducted over a period of ten weeks, with a test session before, in the middle, and after the training. Training gains were tested in measures of selective attention, paired-associates learning, executive control, reasoning, memory span, information processing speed, and motor-cognitive dual task performance in the form of walking and simultaneously performing a working memory task.
Results
Sixty-three participants with a mean age of 71.8 ± 4.9 years (range 65 to 84) either performed the simultaneous training (
N =
21), performed a single working memory training (
N
= 16), or attended no training at all (
N
= 26). The results indicate similar training progress and larger improvements in the executive control task for both training groups when compared to the passive control group. In addition, the simultaneous training resulted in larger improvements compared to the single cognitive training in the paired-associates task and was able to reduce the step-to-step variability during the motor-cognitive dual task when compared to the single cognitive training and the passive control group.
Conclusions
The simultaneous training of cognitive and physical abilities presents a promising training concept to improve cognitive and motor-cognitive dual task performance, offering greater potential on daily life functioning, which usually involves the recruitment of multiple abilities and resources rather than a single one.
Journal Article