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"Martineau, Susan"
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Cash: Campaign: Were spending our money now, while were alive: Readers letters: Fiscal justice or pernicious theft? You have your say on our campaign
INHERITANCE tax is a reasonably fair way of redistributing wealth, but it would be even fairer...
Newspaper Article
Escape: Readers' page: Your letters: Ask Tom: Tom Hall of Lonely Planet answers your questions about worldwide travel
While there's no such thing as 100% security even in upmarket hotels, you should make use of hotel safes where they are available and if possible get the owner to document and sign what you are putting in there. In the event of the hotel not having a safe or being unwilling to store your valuables, a well-hidden locked bag is the next-best option, even if it won't deter persistent thieves.
Newspaper Article
حقائق علمية مدهشة : معارف مثيرة للأطفال الفضوليين
هذا الكتاب مخصص للأطفال يستهدف الطفولة المبكرة ويعمل علي اسثمار الطفل في بناء المهارات المختلفة المرتبطة بالخيال والأبتكار وقوة الشخصية والبحث عن حلول إبداعية ويستمد الطفل الكثير من العلم والمعرفة والمعلومات من المنهج السلوكي التربوي رائع يعلم الطفل كيف يستخلص من مشكلاته وكيف يبني شخصيته بشكل مميز ويعطي المربي حلولا لحل مشكلات أبنه تعنيه عن تجاوز الأزمة وإنهائها.
Book
Exploring winter diet, gut microbiota and parasitism in caribou using multi-marker metabarcoding of fecal DNA
In conservation strategies, getting precise and repeatable information on the species’ diet and health without relying on invasive or laborious methods is challenging. Here, we developed an efficient and non-invasive workflow for the sequencing and analysis of four taxonomic markers from fecal DNA to characterize the gut microbiota, parasites, and plants and lichens composing the winter diet of caribou (
Rangifer tarandus
), Canada’s most iconic endangered species. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of eukaryotes from seven locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, allowed for the detection of five genera of parasites in caribou feces (including
Nematodirella
and
Parelaphostrongylus
) with variable frequency of occurrence depending on sampling location and sex. Our workflow also revealed a rich winter plant and lichen diet in caribou, with respectively 29 and 18 genera identified across all samples through plant and fungal ITS2 sequencing. Relationships between the gut microbiota and both the diet and parasite richness were also identified. Of note, the Central Saskatchewan sampling location was characterized by a clearly distinct gut microbiota which could be linked to an epiphytic lichen-rich diet. Overall, our results showed the potential of this multi-marker DNA metabarcoding workflow as an efficient tool to provide insights into the species biology and ecology.
Journal Article
Vitamin D and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): rapid evidence review
BackgroundThe rapid global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has re-ignited interest in the possible role of vitamin D in modulation of host responses to respiratory pathogens. Indeed, vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a potential preventative or therapeutic strategy. Recommendations for any intervention, particularly in the context of a potentially fatal pandemic infection, should be strictly based on clinically informed appraisal of the evidence base. In this narrative review, we examine current evidence relating to vitamin D and COVID-19 and consider the most appropriate practical recommendations.ObservationsAlthough there are a growing number of studies investigating the links between vitamin D and COVID-19, they are mostly small and observational with high risk of bias, residual confounding, and reverse causality. Extrapolation of molecular actions of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D to an effect of increased 25(OH)-vitamin D as a result of vitamin D supplementation is generally unfounded, as is the automatic conclusion of causal mechanisms from observational studies linking low 25(OH)-vitamin D to incident disease. Efficacy is ideally demonstrated in the context of adequately powered randomised intervention studies, although such approaches may not always be feasible.ConclusionsAt present, evidence to support vitamin D supplementation for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 is inconclusive. In the absence of any further compelling data, adherence to existing national guidance on vitamin D supplementation to prevent vitamin D deficiency, predicated principally on maintaining musculoskeletal health, appears appropriate.
Journal Article
Using a theory of change in monitoring, evaluating and steering scale-up of a district-level health management strengthening intervention in Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda – lessons from the PERFORM2Scale consortium
Background
Since 2017, PERFORM2Scale, a research consortium with partners from seven countries in Africa and Europe, has steered the implementation and scale-up of a district-level health management strengthening intervention in Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. This article presents PERFORM2Scale’s theory of change (ToC) and reflections upon and adaptations of the ToC over time. The article aims to contribute to understanding the benefits and challenges of using a ToC-based approach for monitoring and evaluating the scale-up of health system strengthening interventions, because there is limited documentation of this in the literature.
Methods
The consortium held annual ToC reflections that entailed multiple participatory methods, including individual scoring exercises, country and consortium-wide group discussions and visualizations. The reflections were captured in detailed annual reports, on which this article is based.
Results
The PERFORM2Scale ToC describes how the management strengthening intervention, which targets district health management teams, was expected to improve health workforce performance and service delivery at scale, and which assumptions were instrumental to track over time. The annual ToC reflections proved valuable in gaining a nuanced understanding of how change did (and did not) happen. This helped in strategizing on actions to further steer the scale-up the intervention. It also led to adaptations of the ToC over time. Based on the annual reflections, these actions and adaptations related to: assessing the scalability of the intervention, documentation and dissemination of evidence about the effects of the intervention, understanding power relationships between key stakeholders, the importance of developing and monitoring a scale-up strategy and identification of opportunities to integrate (parts of) the intervention into existing structures and strategies.
Conclusions
PERFORM2Scale’s experience provides lessons for using ToCs to monitor and evaluate the scale-up of health system strengthening interventions. ToCs can help in establishing a common vision on intervention scale-up. ToC-based approaches should include a variety of stakeholders and require their continued commitment to reflection and learning on intervention implementation and scale-up. ToC-based approaches can help in adapting interventions as well as scale-up processes to be in tune with contextual changes and stakeholders involved, to potentially increase chances for successful scale-up.
Journal Article