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\"Libby and her great-aunt, Lobo, both learn the Pledge of Allegiance--Libby for school, and Lobo for her U.S. citizenship ceremony\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Fostering scientific excellence through diversity, equity, and inclusion in academic surgery editorial peer review
Diversity may come in the form of gender, race, ethnicity, or based on practice setting, practice location, level of experience, career phase, or specialty training. A study in 2021 revealed that 14.8% of editorial board members for surgical research journals identified as women, while 6.7 % of editors-in-chief identified as women. 2 In addition to being intentional about diversity, promoting equity in the editorial peer review process is essential for creating uniform opportunities for all researchers, irrespective of their cultural, ethnic, gender, educational, or professional backgrounds. For intentional inclusivity of editorial peer reviewers beyond expansion of reviewer pools, surgical research journals could provide (1) a transparent peer review process, one that clearly defines evaluation criteria and promotes fairness in decision-making, (2) mentorship and inclusion initiatives, supporting early-career researchers from disadvantaged backgrounds, and (3) bias awareness and training for all editorial board members and reviewers focusing on mitigating bias. Some may argue that DEI concerted efforts might inadvertently prioritize diversity over quality, though research consistently demonstrates that diverse teams outperform homogeneous ones in problem-solving, creativity, and innovation. 7 By assembling diverse editorial peer review panels, academic surgical journals can tap into a broader range of expertise, perspectives, and methodologies, enhancing the rigor and relevance of the manuscript evaluation and publication process.
Journal Article
Increased prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential amongst people living with HIV
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease in part due to inflammation and immune dysregulation. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the age-related acquisition and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells due to leukemogenic driver mutations, increases risk for both hematologic malignancy and coronary artery disease (CAD). Since increased inflammation is hypothesized to be both a cause and consequence of CHIP, we hypothesized that PLWH have a greater prevalence of CHIP. We searched for CHIP in multi-ethnic cases from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS, n = 600) and controls from the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Communities study (ARIC, n = 8111) from blood DNA-derived exome sequences. We observed that HIV is associated with a twofold increase in CHIP prevalence, both in the whole study population and in a subset of 230 cases and 1002 matched controls selected by propensity matching to control for demographic imbalances (SHCS 7%, ARIC 3%,
p
= 0.005). We also observed that
ASXL1
is the most commonly mutated CHIP-associated gene in PLWH. Our results suggest that CHIP may contribute to the excess cardiovascular risk observed in PLWH.
Journal Article
Microbial Community Structure Along a Horizontal Oxygen Gradient in a Costa Rican Volcanic Influenced Acid Rock Drainage System
We describe the geochemistry and microbial diversity of a pristine environment that resembles an acid rock drainage (ARD) but it is actually the result of hydrothermal and volcanic influences. We designate this environment, and other comparable sites, as volcanic influenced acid rock drainage (VARD) systems. The metal content and sulfuric acid in this ecosystem stem from the volcanic milieu and not from the product of pyrite oxidation. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we report the microbial community structure in the pristine San Cayetano Costa Rican VARD environment (pH = 2.94–3.06, sulfate ~ 0.87– 1.19 g L⁻¹, iron ~ 35–61 mg L⁻¹ (waters), and ~ 8–293 g kg⁻¹ (sediments)). San Cayetano was found to be dominated by microorganisms involved in the geochemical cycling of iron, sulfur, and nitrogen; however, the identity and abundance of the species changed with the oxygen content (0.40–6.06 mg L⁻¹) along the river course. The hypoxic source of San Cayetano is dominated by a putative anaerobic sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacterium. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus or Sulfobacillus are found in smaller proportions with respect to typical ARD. In the oxic downstream, we identified aerobic ironoxidizers (Leptospirillum, Acidithrix, Ferrovum) and heterotrophic bacteria (Burkholderiaceae bacterium, Trichococcus, Acidocella). Thermoplasmatales archaea closely related to environmental phylotypes found in other ARD niches were also observed throughout the entire ecosystem. Overall, our study shows the differences and similarities in the diversity and distribution of the microbial communities between an ARD and a VARD system at the source and along the oxygen gradient that establishes on the course of the river.
Journal Article
Linked Registries: Connecting Rare Diseases Patient Registries through a Semantic Web Layer
Patient registries are an essential tool to increase current knowledge regarding rare diseases. Understanding these data is a vital step to improve patient treatments and to create the most adequate tools for personalized medicine. However, the growing number of disease-specific patient registries brings also new technical challenges. Usually, these systems are developed as closed data silos, with independent formats and models, lacking comprehensive mechanisms to enable data sharing. To tackle these challenges, we developed a Semantic Web based solution that allows connecting distributed and heterogeneous registries, enabling the federation of knowledge between multiple independent environments. This semantic layer creates a holistic view over a set of anonymised registries, supporting semantic data representation, integrated access, and querying. The implemented system gave us the opportunity to answer challenging questions across disperse rare disease patient registries. The interconnection between those registries using Semantic Web technologies benefits our final solution in a way that we can query single or multiple instances according to our needs. The outcome is a unique semantic layer, connecting miscellaneous registries and delivering a lightweight holistic perspective over the wealth of knowledge stemming from linked rare disease patient registries.
Journal Article
Simulating nonnative cubic interactions on noisy quantum machines
As a milestone for general-purpose computing machines, we demonstrate that quantum processors can be programmed to efficiently simulate dynamics that are not native to the hardware. Moreover, on noisy devices without error correction, we show that simulation results are significantly improved when the quantum program is compiled using modular gates instead of a restricted set of standard gates. We demonstrate the general methodology by solving a cubic interaction problem, which appears in nonlinear optics, gauge theories, as well as plasma and fluid dynamics. To encode the nonnative Hamiltonian evolution, we decompose the Hilbert space into a direct sum of invariant subspaces in which the nonlinear problem is mapped to a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian simulation problem. In a three-states example, the resultant unitary evolution is realized by a product of ~20 standard gates, using which ~10 simulation steps can be carried out on state-of-the-art quantum hardware before results are corrupted by decoherence. In comparison, the simulation depth is improved by more than an order of magnitude when the unitary evolution is realized as a single cubic gate, which is compiled directly using optimal control. Alternatively, parametric gates may also be compiled by interpolating control pulses. Modular gates thus obtained provide high-fidelity building blocks for quantum Hamiltonian simulations.
Paper
Search for charginos, neutralinos and gravitinos at LEP
An update of the searches for charginos and neutralinos in DELPHI is presented, based mainly on recent data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 161 GeV and 172 GeV. No signal is found. For a sneutrino with mass above 300 GeV/c2 and a mass difference between the chargino and the lightest neutralino above 10 GeV/c2, the lower limit at 95% confidence level on the chargino mass ranges from 84.3 GeV/c2 to the kinematical limit (86.0 GeV/c2), depending on the mixing parameters. The limit decreases for lower chargino-neutralino mass differences. The limit in the case of a light sneutrino is 67.6 GeV/c2, provided that that there is no light sneutrino with a mass within 10 GeV/c2 below the chargino mass. Upper limits on neutralino pair production cross-sections of about a picobarn are derived. The (μ,M2) domain excluded in the MSSM-GUT scenario is determined by combining the neutralino and chargino searches. These results imply a limit on the mass of the lightest neutralino which, for a heavy sneutrino, is constrained to be above 24.9 GeV/c2 for tanß >- 1. The search has also been extended to the case where the lightest neutralino is unstable and decays into a photon and a gravitino. imply a limit on the mass of the lightest neutralino which, for a heavy sneutrino, is constrained to be above 24.9 GeV/c2 for tanß >- 1. The search has also been extended to the case where the lightest neutralino is unstable and decays into a photon and a gravitino.
Journal Article
