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The performance of magnetic nanoparticles is intimately entwined with their structure, mean size and magnetic anisotropy. Besides, ensembles offer a unique way of engineering the magnetic response by modifying the strength of the dipolar interactions between particles. Here we report on an experimental and theoretical analysis of magnetic hyperthermia, a rapidly developing technique in medical research and oncology. Experimentally, we demonstrate that single-domain cubic iron oxide particles resembling bacterial magnetosomes have superior magnetic heating efficiency compared to spherical particles of similar sizes. Monte Carlo simulations at the atomic level corroborate the larger anisotropy of the cubic particles in comparison with the spherical ones, thus evidencing the beneficial role of surface anisotropy in the improved heating power. Moreover we establish a quantitative link between the particle assembling, the interactions and the heating properties. This knowledge opens new perspectives for improved hyperthermia, an alternative to conventional cancer therapies.

The nanoscale magnetic configuration of self-assembled groups of magnetite 40 nm cubic nanoparticles has been investigated by means of electron holography in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The arrangement of the cubes in the form of chains driven by the alignment of their dipoles of single nanocubes is assessed by the measured in-plane magnetic induction maps, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.

Magnetic nanoparticles can generate heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. Their heating efficacy is governed by their magnetic properties that are in turn determined by their composition, size and morphology. Thus far, iron oxides (e.g., magnetite, Fe3O4) have been the most popular materials in use, though recently bimagnetic core-shell structures are gaining ground. Herein we present a study on the effect of particle morphology on heating efficiency. More specifically, we use zero waste impact methods for the synthesis of metal/metal oxide Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles in both spherical and cubic shapes, which present an interesting venue for understanding how spin coupling across interfaces and also finite size effects may influence the magnetic response. We show that these particles can generate sufficient heat (hundreds of watts per gram) to drive hyperthermia applications, whereas faceted nanoparticles demonstrate superior heating capabilities than spherical nanoparticles of similar size.

Nanocomposites of the self-forming core-shell Co-MgO nanoparticles, which were of approximately 100 nm in diameter, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer have been prepared. When the polymer is crystallized in the α-phase, the introduction of the nanoparticles leads to nucleation of the γ-phase of PVDF, increasing also the melting temperature of the polymer. With the introduction of the Co-MgO particles, the dielectric constant of the material slightly increases and the storage modulus decreases with respect to the values obtained for the pure polymer.

The implementation of nanotechnology in drinking water treatment is a very promising field for applied research. A major part of this effort focuses on the reduction of the dimensionality of the conventional cost-effective adsorbents that have been successfully used for decades. The development of engineered nanoparticles has the potential to provide improved uptake efficiencies and sustainability if issues related to cost, technical incorporation and environmental safety are overcome. In this study, we review: (1) the technical and economic conditions for potential implementation of inorganic nanoparticles as alternative adsorbents of heavy metals from drinking water, (2) the reported studies referring to the capture of heavy metals ionic forms by inorganic nanoparticles giving emphasis to those succeeding residual concentrations below the regulation limit and (3) the indirect health and environmental risk related to the application of nanosized materials in a water treatment line. A part of the review is devoted to the identification of an optimum nanoparticle profile that complies with the unique characteristics for each and every heavy metal with respect to the chemical affinity, charge interactions, aqueous speciation, redox reactions and ion-exchange processes. Importantly, in order to bridge fundamental research with the requirements of the technical and commercial sector dealing with water treatment plants, we introduce an evaluation path for the preliminary qualification of candidate nanoparticulate materials, based on a universal index which is derived by adsorption isotherms recorded under realistic conditions of application.

The nanoscale magnetic configuration of self-assembled groups of magnetite 40 nm cubic nanoparticles has been investigated by means of electron holography in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The arrangement of the cubes in the form of chains driven by the alignment of their dipoles of single nanocubes is assessed by the measured in-plane magnetic induction maps, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.

There has been renewed interest in the use of magnetic nanoparticles to convert high frequency electromagnetic energy into heat. During the last decade, numerous examples in the field of catalysis, lightweight thermoplastic composites for aeronautical and automotive engineering, and biomedical applications as well, have flourished. In a recent Letter \"Ultrathin Interface Regime of Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles for Effective Magnetism Tailoring\", Moon et al. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04016 claim to have observed a new interface spin canting phenomenon in core-shell ferrrites that pushes heating efficiencies above 10,000 W/g. If this were true, it represents new opportunities for further tailoring nanoscale agents to be used in drug delivery and selective destruction of tumours by hyperthermia. But here I argue that these claims are inconsistent with the facts of physics.

The performance of magnetic nanoparticles is intimately entwined with their structure, mean size and magnetic anisotropy. Besides, ensembles offer a unique way of engineering the magnetic response by modifying the strength of the dipolar interactions between particles. Here we report on an experimental and theoretical analysis of magnetic hyperthermia, a rapidly developing technique in medical research and oncology. Experimentally, we demonstrate that single-domain cubic iron oxide particles resembling bacterial magnetosomes have superior magnetic heating efficiency compared to spherical particles of similar sizes. Monte Carlo simulations at the atomic level corroborate the larger anisotropy of the cubic particles in comparison with the spherical ones, thus evidencing the beneficial role of surface anisotropy in the improved heating power. Moreover we establish a quantitative link between the particle assembling, the interactions and the heating properties. This knowledge opens new perspectives for improved hyperthermia, an alternative to conventional cancer therapies.