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The purpose of this article is to present, by means of a model, the determinants of organisational culture which influence creativity and innovation. A literature study showed that a model, based on the open systems theory and the work of Schein, can offer a holistic approach in describing organisational culture. The relationship between creativity, innovation and culture is discussed in this context. Against the background of this model, the determinants of organisational culture were identified. The determinants are strategy, structure, support mechanisms, behaviour that encourages innovation, and open communication. The influence of each determinant on creativity and innovation is discussed. Values, norms and beliefs that play a role in creativity and innovation can either support or inhibit creativity and innovation depending on how they influence individual and group behaviour. This is also explained in the article.

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E 1 analogue with greater antisecretory and mucosal-protective activity than natural prostaglandins. It is used to prevent and treat gastrointestinal lesions induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal ulceration. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy, because it may stimulate uterine contractions and cause vaginal bleeding, which may endanger fetal survival. The combination of misoprostol and mifepristone or methotrexate has been used for the elective induction of abortion. 1 , 2 In Brazil, where elective abortions are prohibited, 57 to 75 percent of women who attempt abortion use misoprostol, which can be obtained over the . . .

DSMA Features Inheritance Locus Gene References DSMA-2 Adult onset distal wasting and weakness AD 12q24.3 ? 9 DSMA-4 Severe juvenile AR 11q13 ? 10 DSMA-5 Upper limp predominance AD 7p15 Glycyl tRNA synthetase 6, 11 DSMA-6 Severe infantile form with respiratory distress AR 11q13-21 Immunoglobulin [micro]-binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2) 7, 12 DSMA-7 Adult onset with vocal cord paralysis AD 2q14 ? 13 DSMA Jerash type Juvenile onset with pyramidal features AR 9p21.1-p12 ? 14 Congenital DSMA Congenital non-progressive with contractures AD 12q23-q24 ? 15 AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive. [...]we have mapped a new locus for DSMA at Xq13.1-Xq21.

•Raloxifene decreased TC concentrations in elderly patients.•Raloxifene did not alter TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels.•However, there was a non-statistical decrease in LDL-C levels that deserves clinical attention. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to elucidate the effects of raloxifene on the lipid profile in elderly individuals. A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs was performed following the PRISMA statement. Data on triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and LDL-C were extracted. Relevant publications up to October 2020 were detected through searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Changes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs using random-effects models. Nine studies were selected, with a duration of intervention ranging from 2 and 12 months and a raloxifene dose of 60 to 120 mg/d. Studies were performed in healthy individuals and in those with disorders, such as osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and kidney disease required long-term hemodialysis. Overall, TG (WMD, −6.50 mg/dL; 95% CI, −34.18 to 21.20 mg/eL; P = 0.646), LDL-C (WMD, −17.86 mg/dL; 95% CI, −42.44 to 6.72 mg/dL; P = 0.154), and HDL-C (WMD, 2.35 mg/dL; 95% CI, −1.14 to 5.84 mg/dL; P = 0.187) levels did not change significantly after the administration of raloxifene. In contrast, TC levels decreased after raloxifene therapy (WMD, −6.59 mg/dL; 95% CI, −13.13 to −0.05 mg/dL; P = 0.048). Raloxifene therapy decreased TC levels but did not alter TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C concentrations in elderly individuals. Regarding the LDL-C levels, although the finding lacked statistical significance, we believe that there was a mean reduction that deserves further clinical attention as much as TC. [Display omitted]

MARTINS, E.C MARTINS, F.C., 2011. Social and Environmental Impacts: Perceptions and Values of the People Involved in the Occupation Process on the South Coast of Alagoas, Brazil. In: Micallef, A. (ed.), MCRR3-2010 Conference Proceedings, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 61, pp. 415–416. Grosseto, Tuscany, Italy, ISSN 0749-0208. This paper proposes a study on the southern coast of Alagoas, in specific areas of the coastal portion, on the perception of psychosocial values involved in the degradation of coastal areas. The study, particularly on local communities, is an attempt to record important information about a fragile environment that is likely to disappear along with popular knowledge about the natural environment and its practical use and management. It must be remembered that the quality of resources in natural environments has finite character, presenting opportunities and constraints and the consequences brought about by the economic effect of tourism generating costs and benefits to people and their environment.

A 4-day-old infant with acute appendicitis (AA) due to incarceration of a right inguinal hernia is presented. Although appendicitis is the most common condition requiring abdominal surgery, the reported occurrence of AA subsequent to neonatal hernia incarceration is exceptionally rare.

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating citrus disease in the world, has been recently seen in Cuba. Characteristic HLB fruit symptoms, blotchy-mottled leaves and yellow shoots were observed on trees of several citrus varieties and species in urban areas of Havana city, and in citrus groves from the central, western and eastern parts of the country. The presence of only Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus in symptomatic citrus plants and in adult individuals of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transmission electron microscopy showed liberibacter-like structures to be exclusively located in the sieve tubes. DNA fragments amplified from the rplKAJL-rpoBC operon were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analyses revealed 100% identity with the corresponding sequences of ribosomal rpl protein genes from Ca. L. asiaticus.

The assessment of bacterialiferous Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) frequency is important for (i) studies of bacteria acquisition and inoculation by ACP, (ii) disease detection in disease free areas but with ACP presence, (iii) efficiency evaluation of inoculum reduction strategies, (iv) evaluation of frequency of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)-positive ACP and the abundance of inoculum sources or putative new HLB infections relationships. Depending on the conditions and time of storage of collected psyllids, Las DNA in ACP could degrade and Las-false negative results might occur. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the detection of Las in ACP adults submitted to different storage methods and time of storage by real-time PCR (qPCR). Two 2x3x7 factorial experiments were conducted. Factors were ‘Ethanol’ (with or without 70% ethanol), ‘Temperature’ (-20°C, 4°C and 26°C) and ‘Time’ (0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days). For each treatment, 20 samples with 3 ACP adults from nymphs reared on Las infected trees were tested for Las presence by qPCR. No significant differences in percentages of psyllids samples positive for Las were observed among the storage methods up to 35 days, except a slight trend of decline in Las detection in samples storage without ethanol at 26°C after 14 days of storage.

In São Paulo State (SPS), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees with huanglongbing (HLB) symptoms are infected with Candidatus (Ca.) Liberibacter (L.) asiaticus (Las) or Ca. L. americanus (Lam). However, in 2007, 3 years after HLB was first reported in SPS, some trees with characteristic HLB symptoms were found free of liberibacters, but infected with a phytoplasma of 16Sr group IX. This phytoplasma was further characterized by PCR amplification of ribosomal protein genes rpsC-rplV-rpsS and amplicon sequencing. A qPCR test to detect the phytoplasma in plants and insects was also developed on the basis of the ribosomal protein genes. The phytoplasma was transmitted from citrus-to-citrus by grafting. The 16Sr group IX phytoplasma associated with HLB symptoms in sweet orange in SPS and characterized by the above techniques was named “HLB-phytoplasma”. Although the HLB-phytoplasma is widely distributed in many municipalities of central, northern, and northwestern SPS, the number of HLB-phytoplasma-infected trees in each municipality is very small. Experiments have been undertaken to identify the origin of the HLB-phytoplasma and the source of inoculum on which a putative insect vector could become infected with the HLB-phytoplasma. In SPS, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a major, widely distributed cover crop. A 16Sr group IX phytoplasma was detected in sunn hemp plants with witches’ broom and virescence symptoms, and was shown to have 16Sr DNA sequences and ribosomal protein gene sequences with 100% identity to the corresponding sequences of the sweet orange HLB-phytoplasma. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of phytoplasma cells in the phloem sieve tubes of infected C. juncea stalks. These results were taken as evidence that the sunn hemp phytoplasma and the sweet orange HLB-phytoplasma were identical. Scaphytopius marginelineatus, a leafhopper frequently found in sweet orange orchards, was shown to acquire the HLB-phytoplasma efficiently from affected sunn hemp plants, but acquisition from, and transmission rates to, sweet orange were very low. On the whole, these data suggest that (i) sunn hemp is a major source of inoculum of the HLB-phytoplasma, (ii) S. marginelineatus becomes infected on sunn hemp and transmits the phytoplasma to sweet orange, and (iii) transmission from sweet orange to sweet orange occurs only rarely, if at all. 16Sr group IX phytoplasmas, very closely related to the SPS HLB-phytoplasma, have also been detected in citrus in Minas Gerais and Bahia states (Brazil) and Mexico.

‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) is the most prevalent liberibacter species associated with huanglongbing (HLB) in Brazil. Within the state of São Paulo (SP), the disease spread more rapid to regions with relatively mild summer temperatures. This suggests that climate can influence disease spread. In order to test this hypothesis, Las titers in immature flush growth of Valencia orange plants exposed to different temperatures regimens, and Las acquisition by adult Diaphorina citri allowed to feed on flush growth of these plants, were determined in two experiments. The first experiment comprised plants with three levels of infection, three incubation periods (IP), and environments favorable (14.6-28°C) and unfavorable (24–38°C) to Las. The second experiment comprised plants with severe, late stage infections, 10 IPs (based on 3 d intervals over 27 d) and 3 environments (12–24°, 18–30° and 24–38°C). After each IP, plants were removed from each environment, and adult D. citri were confined on new flushes for 48-h. After confinement, flushes and insects were analyzed by qPCR. Overall, Las titers were lower in flush growth of plants maintained in the 24–38°C environment than in the other environments, and the percentages of Las+ psyllids that fed on flush growth of these plants were lower than in psyllids that fed on flush growth of plants maintained in the other environments. The results indicate that the incidence and less rapid spread of Las in warmer than in cooler regions of SP may be related to the influence of ambient temperatures on multiplication of Las in leaves.