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Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality on a global scale. Timely identification by screening can decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with CRC. This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and perceived barriers related to CRC screening among university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among university students between October 2022 and July 2023. Data were gathered using an online survey that evaluated knowledge of CRC, with a specific emphasis on sociodemographic information, risk factors for CRC, warning signs and symptoms, and the available screening methods. Results Out of the 2090 students, 74.8% were female, 54.3% were enrolled in the Faculty of Human Medicine, and 20.4% had a family history of CRC. The general knowledge of CRC and its risk factors was inadequate, as indicated by mean scores of 15.95 ± 6.5 and 3.9 ± 1.95, respectively. A total of 5.3% of the participants had received CRC screening, with colonoscopy being the most frequently employed screening method. In their perspective, the primary obstacles to CRC screening were the absence of endorsement from healthcare professionals, feelings of embarrassment, and apprehension over the outcomes. Conclusion The study highlights the need for targeted educational campaigns and interventions to improve CRC awareness among university students and address identified obstacles toward screening. However, findings are limited by self-reported data, which may introduce recall bias and affect generalizability.

Nurses' clinical competence is a significant concern in all healthcare settings due to the necessity of delivering high-quality patient care. Understanding and addressing the factors related to competence are crucial for promoting nurses' clinical competence and ultimately improving patient outcomes. Producing and maintaining a skilled nursing workforce is essential to protect communities. This study aimed to assess the level of self-evaluated clinical competence and its correlation with demographic and occupational variables among registered nurses employed at selected outpatient clinics in Egypt. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design with a self-administered, two-part questionnaire that assessed participants' demographic and occupational variables as well as perceived clinical competence in various healthcare settings. It took place at outpatient clinics of two governmental hospitals and five primary healthcare centers in Mansoura City, Egypt between January, and June 2023. A purposive sample of 450 nurses took part in this study. The average score of nurses' clinical competence was 155.3±7.2 out of 230, indicating a \"moderate level\". In terms of professional behaviors and general performance, the average score for clinical competence was 48.4±3.6 and 40.7±4.1 respectively. Additionally, the average score for clinical competence regarding core and advanced nursing skills were 43.4±3.0 and 22.8±1.5 respectively. Among the domains of clinical competence, the highest average score was associated with \"professional behaviors\" as it forms the backbone of nursing practice. There was a highly significant relationship between the average score of clinical competence and the participant's age, sex, level of education, and years of clinical work experience (P<0.001). Nurses perceived their level of clinical competence as moderate. To enhance nurses' clinical competence, future studies and interventions should focus on promoting supportive work environments, providing ongoing education and training in advanced nursing skills, and the fostering development of critical thinking skills in nurses. Healthcare organizations should implement educational interventions to enhance nurses' clinical competence. These interventions should include continuous professional development opportunities, mentorship programs, inclusive training initiatives, and structured feedback mechanisms. These measures will help nurses stay up-to-date with the latest practices and technologies, create a supportive learning atmosphere, and address the unique needs and challenges faced by nurses of different genders and specialties.

Background Quality is a primary concern of health care agencies worldwide. A conducive clinical training environment is essential for nursing students to be capable of enhancing their learning experiences and achieving the desired training outcomes. Aim This study aimed to examine the satisfaction and anxiety levels during clinical training among nursing students. Type of study A descriptive -analytical cross-sectional study design was utilized. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University and Colleges of Applied Medical Sciences in Alnamas and Bisha, University of Bisha. Sampling method: A convenience sampling technique was used. Sample size: a sample of 1052 undergraduate nursing students. The data was gathered via a structured questionnaire including the socio-demographic characteristics and nursing students’ satisfaction with the hospital and laboratory training. Additionally, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was adopted to measure the anxiety level. Results The mean age of the studied sample was 21.9 ± 1.83 years, and 56.9% are females. Moreover, 90.1% & 76.4% of the nursing students were satisfied with their hospital and laboratory training. Furthermore, 61.1% & 54.8% of the students had mild levels of anxiety regarding their hospital training and laboratory training, respectively. Conclusion The undergraduate nursing students had a high level of satisfaction with their clinical training at the hospitals and laboratories. Moreover, they had mild anxiety related to hospital and laboratory clinical training. Recommendations Developing clinical orientation and training programs and improvement strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the clinical training environment. The establishment of a modern, tastefully designed, and fully stocked skill lab for the college's student training should receive more attention. Clinical relevance Through the provision of ongoing education about different method of practice, nursing was intended to shape future professional nurses who master core competencies of the profession. Organizations may benefit from developing a comprehensive strategy to achieve an effective teaching program.

Poor payment practices are perceived as one of the biggest challenges facing the construction industry. Since payments are issued according to project contract terms, the project’s cash flow is inherently affected by the contract and how parties fulfill their obligations. This research proposes a framework for payment automation in construction projects to achieve smart construction contracts. Payments are automatically issued upon satisfying contract conditions using blockchain. Cryptocurrency is proposed to be utilized in the framework to execute the contract terms with no need for a third party to process project payments. 5D BIM is used to model the geometry of buildings and visualize project progress together with payment status using Autodesk Revit, Navisworks, and Primavera P6. The developed framework has the potential to reduce the consequences of poor payments. An actual case study for a construction project in Cairo, Egypt is worked out to demonstrate the main features of the proposed framework. The results of the case study reveal that project cash flow is secured and payments are instantly issued. Moreover, electronic records of payments are kept on the blockchain.

Non-conventional heavy metal oxide glasses have attracted great interest owing to their unique optical properties and their radiation shielding behavior. Non-conventional glasses of main chemical composition (100 − x) PbO–xBi 2 O 3 where x = 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 were prepared through the conventional melting and annealing approach. X-ray diffraction measurements denoted the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. The optical absorption in the UV–visible range recorded strong UV-near visible absorption spectra that correlated to trivalent Bi 3+ ions. The optical band gap E opt , Urbach energy ∆E, and the refractive index were identified for the prepared glasses employing the cognizant theories. The variations in the optical parameters have been associated with the increasing Bi 2 O 3 and the doses of γ- irradiation. The photoluminescent properties of the prepared non-conventional binary Bi 2 O 3 –PbO glasses were recorded in the visible range after UV excitation and the color coordinates are located and distributed in the hue violet degree. FT-IR spectroscopic measurements before and after gamma irradiation were applied to investigate the structural changes in the binary heavy metal PbO–Bi 2 O 3 glasses. FTIR data specified that the glass network is composed of different structural building units from BiO 3 /BiO 6 and PbO 3 /PbO 4 depending on the addition ratio between PbO and Bi 2 O 3 .

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, and it has emerged as a significant global public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the effects of web-based health education on nursing students’ knowledge, adaptive healthy measures, and attitudes toward PCOS. Methods A two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) with pre-test and immediate post-test assessments was conducted. Study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling method from the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. A questionnaire consisting of six sections was developed to collect data, which was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 using Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation test, and chi-square test analysis of variance. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in knowledge scores post-intervention, with the web-based learning groups (32.2 ± 10.5) outperforming the traditional learning group (22.1 ± 10.2), with ( p  < 0.05). Similarly, there was a notable improvement in adaptive healthy measures scores post-intervention, with the web-based learning group (8.9 ± 2.4) showing better results than the traditional group (6.5 ± 2.9), with ( p  < 0.05). In terms of attitudes toward PCOS, the web-based group (18.2 ± 4.9) displayed a significant improvement compared to the traditional group (11.7 ± 5.2), with ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that web-based learning is more effective than traditional methods in enhancing nursing students’ knowledge, adaptive healthy measures, and attitudes toward PCOS. Trial Registration : This study was registered by Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: (NCT06192381|| https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ) on 5-1-2024. Key points PCOS is a significant global community health concern among reproductive-aged women due to hormonal disorders, making community health nurses essential in promoting health and preventing disease through health education. Web-based health education is seen as a crucial tool in fostering knowledge, promoting adaptive healthy measures, and shaping attitudes in nursing students’ education. Through web-based health education interventions, students’ understanding of PCOS, adoption of healthy measures, and attitudes are shown to improve compared to traditional methods.

From the useless municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes, CeO 2 , Gd 2 O 3 and CeO 2  + Gd 2 O 3 doped borosilicate glasses were organized via melting-quenching procedure. Various optical, structural, physical and radiation shielding parameters were examined towards the influence of 100 kGy of γ-radiation. UV–visible NIR spectra revealed UV peaks at 351, 348 and 370 nm corresponding to the trivalent states of Ce 3+ and Gd 3+ ions, while, photoluminescence (PL) spectra displayed asymmetric broad excitations of Ce 3+ and Gd 3+ ions due to 4f → 5d transitions, and emission intense bands at 412, 434, and 417 nm. CIE chromaticity shows that Gd 3+ ions increase the luminescence of Ce 3+ . FTIR absorption bands revealed an overlapping between tetrahedral groups of silicate (SiO 4 ), with trigonal (BO 3 ) and tetrahedral (BO 4 ) units of borate. The influence of 100 kGy obtains quite reduction in UV–visible NIR and PL peaks, large stability in FTIR and ESR spectra, and stability of thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) as well. The whole data revealed optical, structural and physical stability of glasses after irradiation besides an enhancement in microhardness owing to more structural compactness and high bonding connectivity. Radiation shielding parameters from Phy - X/PSD program showed higher values of mass (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), and effective atomic number (Z eff ) in the order of; glass Ce+Gd  > glass Ce  > glass Gd . Ce + Gd doped glass revealed also the lowest half value layer (HVL) comparing to other shielding commercial concretes. The study recommends the beneficial and economical use of the useless MSW ash to produce CeO 2 and/or Gd 2 O 3 borosilicate glasses with hopeful radiation shielding features.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that affects the brain and causes a recurrent seizure. This condition affects a lot of people worldwide making it a global neurological disorder. The first line for managing epilepsy, is the use of Anti-epileptic drugs. Herein, a reliable and ecological chromatographic method was developed, verified and validated for the simultaneous determination of three approved drugs that can be co-administered in many treatment protocols for epilepsy management; Piracetam (PIR), Gabapentin (GBP) and Levetiracetam (LEV). The developed method was founded on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–UV). Separation was accomplished using a 5.0 μm particle size, 250 × 4.6 mm Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column with the UV detection set at 210.0 nm. An isocratic elution system was employed, consisting of a mixture of methanol and water in a ratio of 15:85 (v/v) at ambient temperature. The developed method demonstrated linearity throughout a range of concentration of 30.0–1000.0 µg/mL for GBP and 10.0–100.0 µg/mL for LEV and PIR. The suggested method was optimized and validated following the guidelines stated by the ICH and was utilized for the determination of the aforementioned drugs in their respective pharmaceutical formulation. Moreover, the supremacy of the developed method was further extended for monitoring the in-vitro release profile of the stated drugs and content uniformity of their marketed pharmaceutical formulations. Finally, the ecological impact of the suggested method was monitored, evaluated and compared to the official HPLC ones utilizing newly introduced greenness, blueness and whiteness assessment methods tools.

Nominal B 2 O 3 –Na 2 O–CaO–SrO glasses containing various concentrations of V 2 O 5 ranging from 5 to 40 mol% have been prepared by normal melting and quenching procedure. Data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the parent glasses were used to prepare glass–ceramic. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of glasses reveal an absence of any identified crystalline phases; while, patterns of the heat-treated glasses showed the crystallization of calcium vanadate (Ca 3 V 2 O 8 ), sodium borate (Na 2 B 6 O 10 ) and sodium vanadate (NaV 3 O 8 ) phases. UV–Visible spectra demonstrated characteristic absorption in the UV region centered at ~ 234 and 360 nm that extended to the visible region with increasing V 2 O 5 content. Consequently, the estimated optical parameters such as optical band gap (E opt ), Urbach energy (∆E) and refractive index were dependent on V 2 O 5 content. Photoluminescence spectra were measured before and after crystallization indicating development in the emission spectra after heat treatment. The glasses reveal two sharp emitted peaks at about 466 and 552 nm while the glass–ceramic derivatives depicted an extended emission peak centered at about 700 nm. Based on FTIR data, tetrahedral and trigonal borate groups were identified beside VO 4 group when V 2 O 5 was added to the parent glasses. Infrared structural measurements reveal the dual role of V 2 O 5 as glass modifier or former depending on its concentration.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate possible factors that might be accompanied by high level of human monkey pox (HMPX) knowledge and to explain the relationship between HMPX knowledge and Beliefs regarding emerging viral infections.Study designA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for the implementation of this study.MethodsStudy was conducted at two general hospitals in Mansoura City (Old General Hospital and International Hospital) El Dakahlia Governorate among 620 healthcare workers (HCWs) using a self-managed questionnaire for 1 week (1 to 7 January 2023). The questionnaire has items adapted from the previously published literature to assess HMPX knowledge and Beliefs regarding emerging viral infections.ResultsThe mean age of the study sample was 27.97 years and most of them were female (86.1%). Physicians and other HCWs (nurses, laboratory technicians, radiographer technicians, and pharmacists) had significantly different levels of knowledge of monkeypox for the majority of the questions. A higher belief was found among two items: viruses are biological weapons manufactured by the superpowers to take global control and the government is misleading the public about the cause of the virus.ConclusionThis study discovered lower levels of knowledge of HMPX among HCWs in Egypt. Beliefs about emerging viral infections were widespread, and future research should look into their potential negative impact on health behavior.