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CUPID, the CUORE Upgrade with Particle Identification, is a next-generation experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) and other rare events using enriched Li2 100MoO4 scintillating bolometers. It will be hosted by the CUORE cryostat located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. The main physics goal of CUPID is to search for 0νββ of 100Mo with a discovery sensitivity covering the full neutrino mass regime in the inverted ordering scenario, as well as the portion of the normal ordering regime with lightest neutrino mass larger than 10 meV. With a conservative background index of 10−4 cts/(keV·kg·yr), 240 kg isotope mass, 5 keV FWHM energy resolution at 3 MeV and 10 live-years of data taking, CUPID will have a 90% C.L. half-life exclusion sensitivity of 1.8 · 1027 yr, corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass (mββ) sensitivity of 9–15 meV, and a 3σ discovery sensitivity of 1 · 1027 yr, corresponding to an mββ range of 12–21 meV.

BINGO is a project aiming to set the grounds for large-scale bolometric neutrinoless double-beta-decay experiments capable of investigating the effective Majorana neutrino mass at a few meV level. It focuses on developing innovative technologies (a detector assembly, cryogenic photodetectors and active veto) to achieve a very low background index, of the order of \\(10^{-5}\\) counts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. The BINGO demonstrator, called MINI-BINGO, is designed to investigate the promising double-beta-decay isotopes \\(^{100}\\)Mo and \\(^{130}\\)Te and it will be composed of Li\\(_2\\)MoO\\(_4\\) and TeO\\(_2\\) crystals coupled to bolometric light detectors and surrounded by a Bi\\(_4\\)Ge\\(_3\\)O\\(_{12}\\)-based veto. This will allow us to reject a significant background in bolometers caused by surface contamination from \\(\\alpha\\)-active radionuclides by means of light yield selection and to mitigate other sources of background, such as surface contamination from \\(\\beta\\)-active radionuclides, external \\(\\gamma\\) radioactivity, and pile-up due to random coincidence of background events. This paper describes an R\\&D program towards the BINGO goals, particularly focusing on the development of an innovative assembly designed to reduce the passive materials within the line of sight of the detectors, which is expected to be a dominant source of background in next-generation bolometric experiments. We present the performance of two prototype modules -- housing four cubic (4.5-cm side) Li\\(_2\\)MoO\\(_4\\) crystals in total -- operated in the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain within a facility developed for the CROSS double-beta-decay experiment.

BINGO is a project aiming to set the grounds for large-scale bolometric neutrinoless double-beta-decay experiments capable of investigating the effective Majorana neutrino mass at a few meV level. It focuses on developing innovative technologies (a detector assembly, cryogenic photodetectors and active veto) to achieve a very low background index, of the order of \\(10^{-5}\\) counts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. The BINGO demonstrator, called MINI-BINGO, is designed to investigate the promising double-beta-decay isotopes \\(^{100}\\)Mo and \\(^{130}\\)Te and it will be composed of Li\\(_2\\)MoO\\(_4\\) and TeO\\(_2\\) crystals coupled to bolometric light detectors and surrounded by a Bi\\(_4\\)Ge\\(_3\\)O\\(_{12}\\)-based veto. This will allow us to reject a significant background in bolometers caused by surface contamination from \\(\\alpha\\)-active radionuclides by means of light yield selection and to mitigate other sources of background, such as surface contamination from \\(\\beta\\)-active radionuclides, external \\(\\gamma\\) radioactivity, and pile-up due to random coincidence of background events. This paper describes an R\\&D program towards the BINGO goals, particularly focusing on the development of an innovative assembly designed to reduce the passive materials within the line of sight of the detectors, which is expected to be a dominant source of background in next-generation bolometric experiments. We present the performance of two prototype modules -- housing four cubic (4.5-cm side) Li\\(_2\\)MoO\\(_4\\) crystals in total -- operated in the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain within a facility developed for the CROSS double-beta-decay experiment.

CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (\\(0\\nu\\beta\\beta\\)) of \\(^{100}\\)Mo using Li\\(_2\\)MoO\\(_4\\) scintillating crystals. It will operate 1596 crystals at \\(\\sim\\)10 mK in the CUORE cryostat at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Each crystal will be facing two Ge-based bolometric light detectors for \\(\\alpha\\) rejection. We compute the discovery and the exclusion sensitivity of CUPID to \\(0\\nu\\beta\\beta\\) in a Frequentist and a Bayesian framework. This computation is done numerically based on pseudo-experiments. For the CUPID baseline scenario, with a background and an energy resolution of \\(1.0 \\times 10^{-4}\\) counts/keV/kg/yr and 5 keV FWHM at the Q-value, respectively, this results in a Bayesian exclusion sensitivity (90% c.i.) of \\(\\hat{T}_{1/2} > 1.6 \\times 10^{27} \\ \\mathrm{yr}\\), corresponding to the effective Majorana neutrino mass of \\(\\hat{m}_{\\beta\\beta} < \\ 9.6\\) -- \\(28 \\ \\mathrm{meV}\\). The Frequentist discovery sensitivity (3\\(\\sigma\\)) is \\(\\hat{T}_{1/2}= 1.0 \\times 10^{27} \\ \\mathrm{yr}\\), corresponding to \\(\\hat{m}_{\\beta\\beta}= \\ 12\\) -- \\(36 \\ \\mathrm{meV}\\).

Neutrinoless double-beta decay (\\(0\\nu2\\beta\\)) is a hypothetical rare nuclear transition. Its observation would provide an important insight about the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana particle) demonstrating that the lepton number is not conserved. BINGO (Bi-Isotope \\(0\\nu2\\beta\\) Next Generation Observatory) aims to set the technological grounds for future bolometric \\(0\\nu2\\beta\\) experiments. It is based on a dual heat-light readout, i.e. a main scintillating absorber embedding the double-beta decay isotope accompanied by a cryogenic light detector. BINGO will study two of the most promising isotopes: \\(^{100}\\)Mo embedded in Li\\(_2\\)MoO\\(_4\\) (LMO) crystals and \\(^{130}\\)Te embedded in TeO\\(_2\\). BINGO technology will reduce dramatically the background in the region of interest, thus boosting the discovery sensitivity of \\(0\\nu2\\beta\\). The proposed solutions will have a high impact on next-generation bolometric tonne-scale experiments, like CUPID. In this contribution, we present the results obtained during the first tests performed in the framework of BINGO R&D.

An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, \\(\\)Bq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by \\(^228\\)Th and \\(^226\\)Ra.

CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double \\(\\beta\\) decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}\\(MoO\\)_4\\( crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of \\)\\alpha\\( particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 \\)\\pm\\( 0.2) keV FWHM at the \\)Q\\(-value of \\)^{100}\\(Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an \\)\\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID.

The cause of ischemic stroke in younger adults is undefined in as many as 35 percent of patients. We studied the prevalence of patent foramen ovale as detected by contrast echocardiography in a population of 60 adults under 55 years old with ischemic stroke and a normal cardiac examination. We compared the results with those in a control group of 100 patients. The prevalence of patent foramen ovale was significantly higher in the patients with stroke (40 percent) than in the control group (10 percent, P<0.001). Among the patients with stroke, the prevalence of patent foramen ovale was 21 percent in 19 patients with an identifiable cause of their stroke, 40 percent in 15 patients with no identifiable cause but a risk factor for stroke, such as mitral-valve prolapse, migraine, or use of contraceptive agents, and 54 percent in 26 patients with no identifiable cause (P<0.10). These results suggest that because of the high prevalence of clinically latent venous thrombosis, paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale may be responsible for stroke more often than is usually suspected. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1148–52.) THE cause of ischemic stroke among young adults remains undefined in about 35 percent of cases. 1 Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale has been found to be responsible for stroke in a few cases, 2 but for methodologic reasons, the prevalence of this cause has not been investigated systematically in a population with stroke. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography provides a noninvasive tool for the detection of patent foramen ovale. We undertook this study to determine whether the simultaneous occurrence of cerebral ischemia and patent foramen ovale could be considered more than coincidental. Methods Control Group This group comprised 115 patients under . . .

Experiments were conducted to isolate and characterize the gene and gene product of a human hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor with pluripotent biological activities. This factor has the ability to induce differentiation of a murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B(D + ) and cells from patients with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). A complementary DNA copy of the gene encoding a pluripotent human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . The recombinant form of hG-CSF is capable of supporting neutrophil proliferation in a CFU-GM assay. In addition, recombinant hG-CSF can support early erythroid colonies and mixed colony formation. Competitive binding studies done with 125 I-labeled hG-CSF and cell samples from two patients with newly diagnosed human leukemias as well as WEHI-3B(D + ) cells showed that one of the human leukemias (ANLL, classified as M4) and the WEHI-3B(D + ) cells have receptors for hG-CSF. Furthermore, the murine WEHI-3B(D + ) cells and human leukemic cells classified as M2, M3, and M4 were induced by recombinant hG-CSF to undergo terminal differentiation to macrophages and granulocytes. The secreted form of the protein produced by the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 was found to be O -glycosylated and to have a molecular weight of 19,600.