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Background This study examined associations between students’ physical fitness and physical activity (PA), as well as what specific physical fitness components were more significant correlates to being physically active in different settings for boys and girls. Methods A total of 265 fifth-grade students with an average age of 11 voluntarily participated in this study. The students’ physical fitness was assessed using four FitnessGram tests, including Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER), curl-up, push-up, and trunk lift tests. The students’ daily PA was assessed in various settings using a daily PA log for 7 days. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and multiple R-squared liner regression methods. Results Performance on the four physical fitness tests was significantly associated with the PA minutes spent in physical education (PE) class and recess for the total sample and for girls, but not for boys. Performance on the four fitness tests was significantly linked to participation in sports/dances outside school and the total weekly PA minutes for the total sample, boys, and girls. Further, boys and girls who were the most physically fit spent significantly more time engaging in sports/dances and had greater total weekly PA than boys and girls who were not physically fit. In addition, the physically fit girls were more physically active in recess than girls who were not physically fit. Conclusions Overall, students’ performance on the four physical fitness tests was significantly associated with them being physically active during PE and in recess and engaging in sports/dances, as well as with their total weekly PA minutes, but not with their participation in non-organized physical play outside school. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03015337 , registered date: 1/09/2017, as “retrospectively registered”

Purpose – Scholars in the field of performance measurement tend to use the term business performance measurement (BPM) systems without explaining exactly what they mean by it. This lack of clarity creates confusion and comparability issues, and makes it difficult for researchers to build on one an each other's work. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key characteristics of a BPM system, by reviewing the different definitions of a BPM system that exist in the literature. This work aims to open a debate on what are the necessary and sufficient conditions of a BPM system. It is also hoped that a greater level of clarity in the performance measurement research arena will be encouraged.Design/methodology/approach – The performance measurement literature is reviewed using a systematic approach.Findings – Based on this research, a set of conditions of a BPM system has been proposed from which researchers can choose those which are necessary and sufficient conditions for their studies.Research limitations/implications – The analysis in this paper provides a structure and set of characteristics that researchers could use as a reference framework to define a BPM system for their work, and as a way to define the specific focus of their investigations. More clarity and precision around the use of the BPM systems phrase will improve the generalisability and comparability of research in this area.Originality/value – By reviewing the different definitions of a BPM system that exist in the literature this paper will hopefully stimulate a debate on the necessary and sufficient conditions of a BPM system and encourage a greater level of clarity in the performance measurement research arena.

Background: It is unclear whether sex or age impacts the prognostic value of a zero coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. Methods: We searched our electronic medical record (eMR) database for primary prevention patients who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) stress testing. We assessed coronary prognosis and all-cause death during 2.2 (SD 1.9) years of follow-up in women vs. men and in those ≥65 vs. <65 years old by CAC = 0 vs. CAC > 0 scores. Results: We identified 40,018 qualifying patients, of which 48.7% were women and 58.9% were ≥65. CAC = 0 was present in 7967 (19.9%), of which 67.8% were women, and 34.9% were aged ≥65. In CAC = 0 patients, 13 coronary events occurred: 7 (0.13%) in women and 6 (0.24%) in men (p = 0.28); and 6 (0.12%) in <65 and 7 (0.25%) in ≥65 years old (p = 0.15). All-cause death rates comparing CAC = 0 to CAC > 0 subjects were 3.1% vs. 9.8% overall: 3.1% vs. 9.5% in women and 3.3% vs. 10.2% in men, 2.4% vs. 6.9% for ages <65, and 4.7% vs. 11.5% for ≥65 years old; all p < 0.001. Conclusions: A zero CAC score predicts an excellent prognosis for not only coronary events but also all-cause mortality, both overall and in women and the elderly.

The very title of this journal reflects a commonplace in scholarly discourse. We want to understand \"Judaism\" in the Persian and Graeco-Roman periods: the lives and religion of ancient Jews. Some scholars in recent years have asked whether Ioudaioi and its counterparts in other ancient languages are better rendered \"Jews\" or \"Judaeans\" in English. This essay puts that question in a larger frame, by considering first Ioudaismos and then the larger problem of ancient religion. It argues that there was no category of \"Judaism\" in the Graeco-Roman world, no \"religion\" too, and that the Ioudaioi were understood until late antiquity as an ethnic group comparable to other ethnic groups, with their distinctive laws, traditions, customs, and God. They were indeed Judaeans.

Abstract In Ag. Ap. 1.41, after stressing that the Jewish holy books are rightly trusted because only prophets wrote them, Josephus remarks that Judaeans do not trust later writings in the same way. The reason he gives is usually translated as \"the failure of the exact succession of the prophets.\" Whereas older scholarship played down this reason to insist on the absence of prophecy in post-biblical Judaism, the prevailing view today holds that Josephus meant only to qualify later prophecy, not to exclude it. This essay broaches the more basic question of what an ἀκριβὴς διαδοχή means. Arguing that an exact diachronic succession of prophets makes little sense, it offers two proposals that better suit Josephus' argument. It further contends that Josephus is talking about the ancient Judaean past, the subject of this work, not about the work of later historians including himself. He distinguishes sharply between prophecy and historical inquiry.

Auditory neuropathy, or dyssynchrony, is defined by an abnormal or absent auditory brainstem response but intact otoacoustic emissions or cochlear microphonics. It is associated with impaired hearing on behavioural pure‐tone audiometry, absent acoustic reflexes, and poor speech perception, particularly in noisy environments. These results suggest a disorder of inner hair‐cell and or eighth‐nerve function. We describe a case‐note survey of patients with and without auditory neuropathy, using data from the local newborn hearing screening programme collected prospectively from 2002 to 2007. During this period, 45 050 infants were screened with otoacoustic emissions, 30 patients were diagnosed with suspected severe to profound hearing loss (16 males, 14 females), and 12 of those 30 had auditory neuropathy (six males, six females). Mean gestational age was 33 weeks 1 day in the auditory neuropathy group and 35 weeks in the non‐auditory neuropathy group. The most significant risk factors for auditory neuropathy were hyperbilirubinaemia (p=0.018), sepsis (p=0.024), and gentamicin exposure (p=0.024). Children with auditory neuropathy comprise a subgroup of patients with hearing impairment involving different pathologies most commonly associated with the risk factors related to admission to neonatal intensive care units. Improvement is possible with maturity, at least in a minority.

This article examines two topics that emerge from N. T. Wright's Paul and the Faithfulness of the Gospel: Paul the Shammaite-zealot and the ‘great narrative’ of an Israel in exile, waiting for something. The perspective adopted is that of a historian, for whom the fundamental question is whether Wright's accounts approximate plausible reality two thousand years ago. With respect to the first topic, analysis of source material on the Pharisees in the pre-70 period renders Wright's association of Paul with the rabbinic ‘House of Shammai’ and zealotry doubtful in every part. Similar issues arise in relation to the second topic, where Wright's proposal is supported by a kind of proof-texting, without methodical concern for the nature, context, coherence, themes, rhetoric or meaning of texts in situ.