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الإرشاد الجمعي : التدخل والفنيات
يتحدث الكتاب عن الإرشاد الجمعي حيث يتناول الأساليب والمهارات القيادية في الارشاد الجمعي والمراحل والعملة والقوى العلاجية في الإرشاد الجمعي وأهمية الهدف في الإرشاد الجمعي وخطط لمجموعتك وخطط لجلستك والشروع في العمل مرحلة البدء وحالة البدءويتناول الكتاب ايضا أساليب أساسية في القيادة الجماعية والتركيز على المجموعة وأساليب أساسية المقاطعة والأغراء في الكلام واستخدام الجولات والثنائيات واستخدام التمارين في الإرشاد الجمعي.
BOOK
Optimization of the Cutoff Value for the Aspergillus Double-Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay
Background.Many health care centers worldwide use the Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay (PA-EIA; Bio-Rad Laboratories) for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA). A cutoff optical density (OD) index of 1.5 was originally recommended by the manufacturer, but in practice, most institutions use lower cutoff values. Moreover, a cutoff OD index of 0.5 was recently approved in the United States. In the present study, we set out to optimize the cutoff level by performing a retrospective analysis of PA-EIA values for samples that had been obtained prospectively from adult patients at risk for IA at 2 European health care centers. Methods.In total, 239 treatment episodes were included of which there were 19 episodes of proven IA and 19 episodes of probable IA. Per-episode and per-test analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal cutoff value. Results.In the per-episode analysis, lowering the cutoff OD index for positivity from 1.5 to 0.5 increased the overall sensitivity by 21% (from 76.3% to 97.4%) but decreased the overall specificity by 7% (from 97.5% to 90.5%). Requiring 2 consecutive samples with an OD index ⩾0.5 resulted in the highest test accuracy, with an improved positive predictive value. At a cutoff OD index of 0.5, the antigen test result was positive during the week before conventional diagnosis in 65% of cases and during the week of diagnosis in 79.5% of cases. Conclusions.A cutoff OD index of 0.5—identical to the approved cutoff in the United States—improves the overall performance of the PA-EIA for adult hematology patients.
Journal Article
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells extracts VEGF protein levels and VEGF mRNA: Associations with inflammatory molecules in a healthy population
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein, implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes together with other common inflammatory biomarkers. However, their associations have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated associations between VEGF and four specific VEGF mRNA isoforms with levels of 11 inflammation molecules, derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracts.
Healthy participants from the STANISLAS Family Study (n = 285) were included. Levels of VEGF (four mRNA isoforms and protein levels) and inflammatory molecules (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, EGF) were measured in PBMCs extracts. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusted for age and gender.
The analyses revealed significant associations between VEGF protein levels and levels of IL-4 (β = 0.028, P = 0.013), MCP-1 (β = 0.015, P<0.0001) and EGF (β = 0.017, P<0.0001). Furthermore, mRNA isoform VEGF165 was associated with MCP-1 and IL-1α (P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively); and mRNA isoform VEGF189 was associated with IL-4 and IL-6 (P = 0.019 and P = 0.034, respectively).
To our knowledge, the present study represents the first investigation that successfully demonstrates links between VEGF protein levels and inflammatory molecules levels derived from PBMCs extracts and identifies associations between specific VEGF mRNA isoforms and inflammatory molecules.
These findings provide novel insights that may assist in the development of new tissue and mRNA isoform specific measurements of VEGF levels, which may positively contribute to predicting the risk of common complex diseases and response of currently used anti-VEGF agents, and developing of novel targeted therapies for VEGF-related pathophysiology.
Journal Article
TREM-1 SNP rs2234246 regulates TREM-1 protein and mRNA levels and is associated with plasma levels of L-selectin
High levels of TREM-1 are associated with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases risks and the most recent studies have showed that TREM-1 deletion or blockade is associated with up to 60% reduction of the development of atherosclerosis. So far, it is unknown whether the levels of TREM-1 protein are genetically regulated. Moreover, TREM family receptors have been suggested to regulate the cellular adhesion process. The goal of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms within TREM-1 are regulating the variants of serum TREM-1 levels and the expression levels of their mRNA. Furthermore, we aimed to point out associations between polymorphisms on TREM-1 and blood levels of selectins. Among the 10 SNPs studied, the minor allele T of rs2234246, was associated with increased sTREM-1 in the discovery population (p-value = 0.003), explaining 33% of its variance, and with increased levels of mRNA (p-value = 0.007). The same allele was associated with increased soluble L-selectin levels (p-value = 0.011). The higher levels of sTREM-1 and L-selectin were confirmed in the replication population (p-value = 0.0007 and p-value = 0.018 respectively). We demonstrated for the first time one SNP on TREM-1, affecting its expression levels. These novel results, support the hypothesis that TREM-1 affects monocytes extravasation and accumulation processes leading to atherogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque progression, possibly through increased inflammation and subsequent higher expression of sL-selectin.
Journal Article
Epigenome-wide association study detects a novel loci associated with central obesity in healthy subjects
Background and aims
Central obesity is a condition that poses a significant risk to global health and requires the employment of novel scientific methods for exploration. The objective of this study is to use DNA methylation analysis to detect DNA methylation loci linked to obesity phenotypes,
i.e
. waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI.
Methods and results
Two-hundred and ten healthy European participants from the STANISLAS Family Study (SFS), comprising 73 nuclear families, were comprehensively assessed for methylation status using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. An epigenome-wide association study was performed, which identified a CpG site cg16170243 located on chromosome 18q21.2 significantly associated with waist circumference, after adjusting for BMI (β = 2.32, SE = 0.41, P
adj
= 0.048). Cg16170243 corresponds to a 50 bp-length human methylation oligoprobe located within the
AC090241.2
gene that overlaps
ST8SIA5
gene. No significant association was observed with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (P
adj
> 0.05).
Conclusions
A novel association between DNA methylation and WC was identified, which is demonstrating that epigenetic mechanisms may have a significant impact on waist circumference ratio in healthy individuals. Further studies are warranted to address the causal effects of this association.
Journal Article
Correction: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells extracts VEGF protein levels and VEGF mRNA: Associations with inflammatory molecules in a healthy population
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220902.].[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220902.].
Journal Article
The polymorphism rs6918289 located in the downstream region of the TREM2 gene is associated with TNF-α levels and IMT-F
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is known for its anti-inflammatory properties during the immune response, and influences negatively on TNF-α expression levels. Genetic epidemiology studies have identified polymorphisms located in the
TREM2
gene associated with neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. TREM2 levels have been observed to affect plasma levels of TNF-α and plaque stability in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms located in the
TREM2
gene region and association with TNF-α levels and the intima media thickness of the femoral artery. The discovery population from the STANISLAS Family Study comprised of 809 individuals, whereas the replication population utilized an independent cohort of French origin (
n
= 916). Our results suggest that the minor allele (T) of SNP rs6918289 is positively associated with elevated plasma levels of TNF-α in discovery and replication populations (
P
= 0.0026,
SE
= 0.04 and
P
= 0.023,
SE
= 0.09, respectively), including femoral artery thickness in the discovery cohort (
P
= 0.026,
SE
= 0.009). Results indicate that rs6918289 may be considered as a risk factor for inflammatory diseases and could be used in stratified medicine with patients diagnosed with chronic inflammatory-related conditions, such as atherosclerosis.
Journal Article
Functional Epistatic Interaction between rs6046G>A in F7 and rs5355C>T in SELE Modifies Systolic Blood Pressure Levels
Although numerous genetic studies have been performed, only 0.9% of blood pressure phenotypic variance has been elucidated. This phenomenon could be partially due to epistatic interactions. Our aim was to identify epistatic interaction(s) associated with blood pressure levels in a pre-planned two-phase approach.
In a discovery cohort composed of 3,600 French individuals, we found rs6046A allele in F7 associated with decreased blood pressure levels (P≤3.7×10(-3)) and rs5355T allele in SELE associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure levels (P = 5×10(-3)). Both variants interacted in order to influence blood pressure levels (P≤0.048). This interaction was replicated with systolic blood pressure in 4,620 additional European individuals (P = 0.03). Similarly, in this replication cohort, rs6046A was associated with decreased blood pressure levels (P≤8.5×10(-4)). Furthermore, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a subsample of 90 supposed healthy individuals, we found rs6046A positively associated with NAMPT mRNA levels (P≤9.1×10(-5)), suggesting an eventual involvement of NAMPT expression in blood pressure regulation. Confirming this hypothesis, further transcriptomic analyses showed that increased NAMPT mRNA levels were positively correlated with ICAM1, SELL, FPR1, DEFA1-3, and LL-37 genes expression (P≤5×10(-3)). The last two mRNA levels were positively associated with systolic blood pressure levels (P≤0.01) and explained 4% of its phenotypic variation.
These findings reveal the importance of epistatic interactions in blood pressure genetics and give new insights for the role of inflammation in its complex regulation.
Journal Article
Extracting small deformation beyond individual station precision from dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks in France and western Europe
We use 2 decades of data from a dense geodetic network to extract regionally coherent velocities and deformation rates in France and neighboring western European countries. This analysis is combined with statistical tests on synthetic data to quantify the deformation detection thresholds and significance levels. By combining two distinct methods – Gaussian smoothing and k-means clustering – we extract horizontal deformations with a 95 % confidence level of ca. 0.1–0.2 mm yr−1 (ca. 0.5–1×10-9 yr−1) on spatial scales of 100–200 km or more. From these analyses, we show that the regionally average velocity and strain rate fields are statistically significant in most of our study area. The first-order deformation signal in France and neighboring western European countries is a belt of N–S to NE–SW shortening of ca. 0.2–0.4 mm yr−1 (1–2×10-9 yr−1) in central and eastern France. In addition to this large-scale signal, patterns of orogen-normal extension are observed in the Alps and the Pyrenees, but methodological biases, mainly related to GPS (Global Positioning System) solution combinations, limit the spatial resolution and preclude associations with specific geological structures. The patterns of deformation in western France show either tantalizing correlation (Brittany) or anticorrelation (Aquitaine Basin) with the seismicity. Overall, more detailed analyses are required to address the possible origin of these signals and the potential role of aseismic deformation.
Journal Article
Precision of continuous GPS velocities from statistical analysis of synthetic time series
We use statistical analyses of synthetic position time series to estimate the potential precision of GPS (Global Positioning System) velocities. The synthetic series represent the standard range of noise, seasonal, and position offset characteristics, leaving aside extreme values. This analysis is combined with a new simple method for automatic offset detection that allows an automatic treatment of the massive dataset. Colored noise and the presence of offsets are the primary contributor to velocity variability. However, regression tree analyses show that the main factors controlling the velocity precision are first the duration of the series, second the presence of offsets, and third the noise level (dispersion and spectral index). Our analysis allows us to propose guidelines, which can be applied to actual GPS data, that constrain velocity precisions, characterized as a 95 % confidence limit of the velocity biases, based on simple parameters: (1) series durations over 8.0 years result in low-velocity biases in the horizontal (0.2 mm yr−1) and vertical (0.5 mm yr−1) components; (2) series durations of less than 4.5 years are not suitable for studies that require precisions lower than mm yr−1; (3) series of intermediate durations (4.5–8.0 years) are associated with an intermediate horizontal bias (0.6 mm yr−1) and a high vertical one (1.3 mm yr−1), unless they comprise no offset. Our results suggest that very long series durations (over 15–20 years) do not ensure a significantly lower bias compared to series of 8–10 years, due to the noise amplitude following a power-law dependency on the frequency. Thus, better characterizations of long-period GPS noise and pluri-annual environmental loads are critical to further improve GPS velocity precisions.
Journal Article