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"Masuda, Hajimu"
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Fear of World War III: Social Politics of Japan's Rearmament and Peace Movements, 1950—3
This article traces the ways in which the Korean War inspired and stimulated diverse local discussions on Japan's rearmament, which contributed to the reconstruction of memories of World War II and the shaping of a fear of World War III, which, in turn, had fundamental effects on the direction of postwar Japan. First, the article looks into immediate reactions to the outbreak of the Korean War, namely the establishment of the National Police Reserve, escalation of the red purge and intensification of prorearmament discussions. Second, it examines a set of responses to these aforementioned immediate reactions, namely student and peace movements that were anti-red purge, anti-rearmament and anti-war. Third, the article analyzes the conflicts and compromises between these two radically different reactions through investigating the adaptations of political figures and organizations in a series of heated public debates and electoral contestations in this period. The article argues that domestic pressures and social and historical contexts contributed significantly to the Janus-faced policy that Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru crafted concerning the issue of Japan's rearmament. Debates about rearmament were filtered through a variety of domestic social struggles over memories and legacies of World War II within an emerging 'Cold War' context.
Journal Article
The Korean War through the Prism of Chinese Society
A great deal has been written about the Korean War, but most of it has dealt with high-level decision-making or the experiences of combat units and soldiers. This article takes a different approach, looking at the reactions of Chinese citizens to the war and the way their perceptions were molded in part by the Communist regime and in part by memories of the brutal Japanese occupation in the 1930s and 1940s. Formerly classified Chinese documents shed valuable light on the way popular attitudes affected the Communist authorities and vice versa. The regime, led by Mao Zedong, exercised harsh rule in China, but ordinary citizens’ observations and judgments were not necessarily the product of Communist Party programs. The regime also had to be constantly mindful of popular morale. The “Resisting America and Assisting Korea” campaign was devised and controlled by the Communist Party but was also shaped in part from below.
Journal Article
Rumors of War: Immigration Disputes and the Social Construction of American-Japanese Relations, 1905–1913
The crisis in US-Japanese relations in the early twentieth century has been researched and explained in various ways. This article argues that in the era of globalization in the early twentieth century, global events quickly reached the other side of the earth and influenced local people's way of thinking, which in turn swayed local politics and, by extension, influenced national and international politics. This was possible due to the then recent development of mass circulation newspapers and telegraphic communications. Popular sentiments were readily felt across borders, regardless of the intentions of respective governments. In short, this article maintains that during the early twentieth century the direction of foreign and domestic policies was subject to internal social unrest, popular emotions, and contingent domestic politics.
Journal Article
THE EARLY COLD WAR
Studies of the Cold War have been flourishing and diversifying in the twenty‐first century, with the rise of new “turns” and focuses. These have included a domestic‐politics turn, a religious turn, a Latin America turn, and an imperial turn, as well as growing interests in childhood, sexuality, and immigration, and already‐prevailing attentions to race, gender, and labor. Thus, today, a myriad of topics is considered relevant to the Cold War: gays and lesbians, white supremacism, and Mexican immigrants, as well as parenting, evangelicalism, and even vaginal orgasm and impotence. Furthermore, scholars have been attempting to reconceptualize the Cold War. At the same time, there has been a backlash against these trends. How have we arrived here? This chapter traces recent scholarship on Cold War America, aiming to show how the field has developed in recent years, what kinds of problems we face today, and where we can go from here.
Book Chapter
Mapping the Cold War: Cartography and the Framing of America’s International Power
Hajimu reviews Mapping the Cold War: Cartography and the Framing of America's International Power by Timothy Barney.
Book Review
