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Structural analyses of glass fiber reinforced epoxy polymer (GFRP) composites dispersed with rutile (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles using compression molding were studied to reveal the effects of filler addition. Ball milling is performed for nanoparticles and reduces the particle size from 3 to 67.64 nm to enhance the blending of dispersions in the resin. The nanoparticles were added to the resin at weight percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% prior to fabrication using an ultrasonic liquid processor. Flexural strength, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were measured to study the mechanical behavior of the composite. The addition of filler showed improvement in the mechanical properties of the GFRP dispersion-strengthened composite. 15 wt.% rutile particles have tensile strengths of 228 MPa, tensile moduli of 4123 MPa, flexural strengths of 317 MPa, and flexural moduli of 10,010 MPa, respectively. These values are 58.33%, 16.8%, 77.15%, and 92.5% greater than the values of 0 wt. % rutile inclusion. In comparison with the pristine specimen, the shore “D” hardness of materials with 10 wt. % TiO 2 is 8.43% higher, while that of materials with 15 wt.% TiO 2 is 3.6% higher. The impact strength of the composite sample with 5 wt. % TiO 2 is 72.12% greater than that of the pure sample. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out to analyze the morphological behavior, percentages of different elemental distributions, and crystalline size and structure of nanoparticles in the composite. FESEM was used to reveal the pullout of fiber, damaged interfaces, filler dispersion, and voids in specimens. The aim of this research is to investigate the incorporation of rutile (TiO 2 ) filler inclusion and E-glass fiber reinforcement in epoxy nanocomposite materials, exclusively for airplane structural applications. Hence, this method improves the mechanical and structural qualities of the GFRP composites.

Present work reports the fabrication of silver (Ag) modified titania photoanode as an efficient photoanode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Pristine and Ag modified Titania nanomaterials were prepared using sol gel method. The structural analyses confirm the high crystallinity of the samples with crystallite size distribution in nanorange. TEM micrograph confirms that the synthesized nanomaterials are in uniform size. A red shift is observed in the UV DRS spectra compared to pristine Titania and which confirm the incorporation of Ag inside titania. A prototype DSSC was fabricated using the pristine and modified Titania as photoanode, Ruthenium dye as sensitizer, I-/I-3 as redox electrolyte and platinum counter electrode. The cell with Ag modified titania photoanode showed 15 times enhanced photoconversion efficiency (PCE) than the pristine one. This improved performance of the Ag modified DSSC can be ascribed to reduced recombination and improved charge carrier transport of electrons/holes at the interfaces.

Wire EDM is an unconventional machining processused for producing complicated profile on a hard material which is difficult in conventional cutting process. In WEDM heat affected zone is very minimum when compare to other unconventional cutting process. This distinct advantage made the WEDM to use in modern precision industries. In WEDM many process parameter which decides the quality of the machined component. In this study pulse on time, pulse off time, flushing pressure, wire tension, servo voltage and wire feed rate were selected as a process parameters. The effect of each parameter on material removal rate (MRR) was analyzed. Mathematical model was developed for material removal rate using regression analysis. The developed mathematical model is useful in predicting the response in the given range of input process parameter. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the developed model. The optimized model would be the technical chart for the given material for the selected input parameter. The obtained results were experimentally verified.

Two significant factors that improve dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs’) performance are increased electron concentration and effective charge transport. In the present work, pristine and Cr-doped biphasic TiO 2 in various phase ratios were prepared and utilized as the photoanode of the DSSC. Doping created oxygen vacancies, leading to phase transformation at lower calcination temperatures. The doped biphasic TiO 2 photoanode’s photovoltaic performances were superior to its pristine counterparts. The sample with 70% anatase and 30% rutile (CrTi-400) showed the highest photoconversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the rest. The low crystallite size of CrTi-400 facilitated a higher dye adsorption, leading to a better photo-excited electron injection. The photoelectrochemical study revealed an efficient charge transport in CrTi-400, and this, coupled with the improved electron concentration due to the oxygen vacancies created via Cr doping, enhanced the photocurrent (J SC ). The synergy between doping and biphasic junction improved the structural, optical, and electrical properties, improving its J SC and overall photovoltaic performance. This study showcases a novel strategy for enhancing the photoanode performance of the TiO 2 -based DSSC by utilising the synergy of doping and heterojunction.

Background: The financial environment has undergone significant change as a result of global economic issues. In this context, understanding the complexity of stock market activity is critical. The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry, which is extremely integrated into daily life, offers a distinct and understudied arena for investigating weekend effects anomalies. Purpose: This study is useful to investors and experts as they navigate the volatility in a specific sector of the Indian stock market. Methodology: A diverse set of five companies with a high volume of stock market activity, FMCG shares, and data are systematically evaluated from July 2008 to June 2023. To investigate the influence of different weekends on stock returns and volatility, GARCH, EGARCH, and linear regression models were utilised. Findings of the study: Mondays have a little higher return trend, but skewed return distributions emphasise the importance of risk management. The \"Monday\" and \"Friday Effects\" are statistically significant. The influence of weekends on returns differs for every FMCG company, providing significant information for future trading strategies. Implication: The study will deliver data-driven insights to stakeholders, helping them to make better-informed decisions, particularly when navigating the volatile Indian stock market. Conclusion: It highlights the need for sensible investing and risk management while also acknowledging that the impact of weekends on returns differs for every FMCG company. Keywords: Calendar anomalies, EGARCH, FMCG, GARCH, Volatility Patterns.

This investigation presents a comprehensive investigation into the lubricating wear properties of Ag-Mg alloys, focusing on pin-on-disc wear tests conducted under various lubrication conditions, including gear oil, filtered water, and SAE 80w, as well as Vickers hardness testing for material hardness characterization. The researchers employed cutting-edge techniques such as SEM and XRD to meticulously analyze the size, shape, morphology, and composition of the alloys. To establish connections between the coefficient of friction and wear rate data, the study further examines the underlying wear mechanisms using SEM and XRD. An in-depth examination of surface wear characteristics and the identification of tribo-layers provides crucial insights into the material changes during the wear process. In addition to microstructural investigation, tribo-layer thickness evaluation, and phase identification within the layers, the researchers also explored cross-sectional wear aspects. Furthermore, surface profile metry methods were utilized to create detailed 3D surface maps that accurately capture the post-wear test surface changes. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the tribological behavior of Ag-Mg alloys, this research also undertakes a critical comparative analysis of the acquired data with existing literature on Mg alloys. The findings from this study offer valuable knowledge for enhancing the performance of Ag-Mg alloys in engineering applications by addressing wear-related issues.

Climate change poses a critical threat to forest ecosystems, particularly in biodiversity hotspots such as the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. This study aims to assess the current and future habitat suitability of dominant tree species representing evergreen, deciduous, and thorn forests using the MaxEnt species distribution model under the SSP2–4.5 climate scenario. A total of 240 geo-referenced occurrence points, along with 19 bioclimatic and topographic variables, were used to predict species-specific habitat changes for the near future (2021–2050), based on downscaled EC-Earth3 CMIP6 climate data. The model projects a significant decline in habitat suitability for evergreen (− 248.72 sq. km) and deciduous (− 720.21 sq. km) forests, while thorn forests are expected to expand by + 968.93 sq. km. District-level analysis highlights hotspots of change, such as Coimbatore (− 50.41 sq. km in evergreen and + 74.46 sq. km in thorn forest) and Erode (− 182.83 sq. km in deciduous and + 184.45 sq. km in thorn forest). These shifts are primarily driven by rising temperatures, increased precipitation seasonality, and changing elevation-related microclimates. The projected expansion of xerophytic thorn forests and concurrent contraction of mesic forests underscores a potential biome-level transition that may reduce biodiversity, alter carbon dynamics, and increase ecological vulnerability. To address these risks, adaptive strategies such as invasive species control, fire management, soil and water conservation, and multi-layered afforestation using native species are recommended. The findings emphasize the need for climate-resilient forest management, community-based conservation, and long-term ecological monitoring. This study offers spatially explicit insights to inform policy and conservation planning under a changing climate.

Climate change poses significant risks to crop production, endangering food security and farmer livelihoods. The southern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu is particularly susceptible to droughts and floods. This study assessed the future impacts of climate change on crop yields using the DSSAT crop simulation model, with climate projections based on the EC-Earth statistical downscaled model under the SSP2-4.5 scenario for the baseline period (1985–2014) and near-century projections (2021–2050). Projections indicate a rise in annual mean maximum temperature of 0.4°C and a 7% increase in rainfall. Simulated yields of rice, maize, sorghum, and groundnut are expected to decline by 5.6%, 2.1%, 8.2%, and 7.6%, respectively, due primarily to heat stress during critical reproductive stages and altered rainfall distribution affecting crop water availability. In contrast, black gram yield is projected to increase by 4.8%, benefiting from enhanced CO2 fertilization and improved rainfall during its growing season. The study highlights the significant effects of climate change on agricultural productivity and the urgent need for adaptation strategies, including drought-resistant crop varieties, modified planting calendars, and enhanced water management techniques to build regional agricultural resilience in Tamil Nadu.

Alternative methods for dissimilar metal joining particularly aluminium and copper have gain interest in manufacturing sectors. Friction stir spot welding was carried out on the AA6061 and C11000 wires of 2 mm diameter. This research paper reported the results on microstructures and mechanical properties of the spot-welded joints, and also special attention is provided for electrical resistivity of the welds. The microstructures reveal the information of grain structure and bonding. The width of diffusion layer significantly reduced with low dwell times. For a plunge depth of 1 mm, the maximum tensile strength (294 MPa) is achieved during the higher rotational speed (1400 rpm). For the same plunge depth, lower tensile strength values are exhibited by the joint produced using the lower rotational speed (800 rpm). Hardness of the weld region recorded 70 HV which is less than Cu (115 HV) and greater than Al (40 HV). FSSW joints (0.30 to 0.34 μΩ) offered higher range of electrical resistivity than that of base metal (0.02 μΩ). The results highlighted in this paper might be helpful for both academic researchers and industrialists.

Purpose Even with antiemetic prophylaxis, patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy often still experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists will prevent CINV effectively but are not affordable for patients of low socioeconomic status. Methods In this group sequential, response adaptive randomized double-blinded clinical trial, patients of low socioeconomic who cannot afford NK-1 receptor antagonists, planned for highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) agents received olanzapine 5 mg plus pregabalin 75 mg or placebo orally for five days add-on to standard antiemetic therapy (injection ondansetron 8 mg + injection dexamethasone 12 mg on day one followed by oral dexamethasone 8 mg on days 2 to 4). The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of patients with “overall no nausea” between groups. Following the interim analysis, the allocation ratio was modified, resulting in more patients being assigned to the well-performing arm. Results Initially, 30 patients were equally randomized into two groups. As the experimental group performed well in the interim analysis, the allocation ratio was changed to 2:1 for the subsequent period. Finally, the experimental group ( n  = 36) performed better in terms of “overall no nausea” than the control group( n  = 18) (41.6% vs. 5.5%, p  = 0.008). Sedation and dizziness were significantly greater in the experimental group compared to the standard-of-care group. Conclusion Olanzapine 5 mg plus pregabalin 75 mg add-on to a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron will significantly prevent the incidence of CINV compared to a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron alone. However, the combination is associated with sedation and dizziness as adverse events. Trial registration: Clinical trial registry-India (CTRI/2021/08/035451). Registration Date: 05/08/2021.