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Background Lymphocele infection is a frequent and usually early complication following renal transplantation. We report the case of a transplanted patient with a chronic lymphocele that became infected six years after transplantation Parvimonas micra , a commensal of the human oral cavity. Case presentation The patient had a stable lymphocele for six years post-transplantation, as observed through several medical imaging studies, without the need for intervention due to the absence of any impact on graft function. Regarding a six-month progressive decline in general condition, a persistent inflammatory syndrome and a deterioration of renal function, a PET scan revealed a hypermetabolic infiltration behind the lymphocele adjacent to the graft. Bacterial superinfection with Parvimonas micra was diagnosed by an exploratory puncture. The patient had a history of dental periodontal treatments. The initial attempt at treatment with radiological drainage and three months of antibiotic therapy was unsuccessful. Faced with radiological deterioration despite treatment, the patient underwent surgical intervention for lavage with necessary antibiotic therapy for an additional six weeks. He achieved clinical remission, but metabolic activity persists within the site of a residual collection, and the patient remains closely observed. Conclusions Infected lymphoceles should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with nonspecific infectious and inflammatory symptoms, regardless of the time elapsed since renal transplantation. The treatment of this complication can be complex.

Deletion of p53 and pRB leads to gene instability and replication errors that contribute to oncogenesis. [...]given the very unfavourable prognosis of these tumours, it seems legitimate to perform surgery and completely stop immunosuppression. Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

The increasing age of patients with end-stage renal disease raises the issue of hostile arterial access for transplantation, with technical difficulties associated with clamping and suturing the iliac artery. Some of these patients - who theoretically represent those who would benefit the most from transplantation in terms of mortality - are contraindicated because of anatomical and medical issues. In this context, a specific endovascular device called EndoPreKiT (Endovascular Preparation for Kidney Transplantation) has been designed, enabling arterial access for transplantation via a mini-invasive procedure. It consists of a woven Dacron supported by self-expanding nitinol rings, ensuring anchorage and allowing arterial clamping. The middle part of the anterior face of the device is stentless, enabling the anastomosis directly onto the Dacron once the calcified artery wall has been removed. After a cadaveric study validating its technical feasibility, such device was successfully implanted in 10 patients considered unfit for transplantation due to severe wall calcification. Two of them have been successfully transplanted with excellent outcomes after 13 and 3 months of follow-up. EndoPreKiT device may be a significant breakthrough in transplant surgery, that could expand the horizon of eligibility to include even the most fragile patients with challenging arterial access.

PurposeLiving donor nephrectomy is a high-stake procedure involving healthy individuals, therefore every effort should be made to define each patient’s individualized risk and improve potential donors’ information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score, an imaging-based score initially designed to estimate the risk of adherent perinephric fat in partial nephrectomy, to predict intra- and postoperative complications of living donor nephrectomy.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the imaging, clinical, and follow-up data of 452 kidney donors who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in two academic centers.ResultsImaging and follow-up data were available for 307 kidney donors, among which 44 (14%) had a high MAP score (≥ 3). Intraoperative difficulties were encountered in 50 patients (16%), including difficult dissection (n = 35) and bleeding (n = 17). Conversion to open surgery was required for 13 patients (4.2%). On multivariate analysis, a MAP score ≥ 3 was significantly associated with the risk of intraoperative difficulty [OR 14.12 (5.58–35.7), p < 0.001] or conversion to open surgery [OR 18.96 (3.42–105.14), p = 0.0042]. Postoperative complications were noted in 99 patients (32%), including 12 patients (3.9%) with Clavien–Dindo grade III–IV complications. On multivariate analysis, a high MAP score was also associated with the risk of postoperative complications [OR 2.55 (1.20–5.40), p = 0.01].ConclusionsIn this retrospective bicentric study, a high MAP score was associated with the risk of intra- and postoperative complications of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. The MAP score appears of interest in the living donor evaluation process to help improve donors’ information and outcomes.

ABSTRACT Acute scrotal pain (ASP) requiring surgical exploration is common in the pediatric population, but little has been reported on this subject with regard to the adult population. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of scrotal explorations performed on adult patients. Patients over 21 years of age who underwent surgical exploration for ASP with suspected testicular torsion (TT) at 14 French hospitals between January 2005 and December 2019 were included in this study. The main outcome measures were demographic characteristics, pathology found during scrotal exploration, and perioperative outcomes. Logistic regression was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictors of TT. Data for 1329 men were analyzed. The median age was 30 (interquartile range [IQR]: 25-35; range: 21-89) years. Regarding the clinical examination, 867 (65.2%) patients presented with an elevation of the testicle, 613 (46.1%) patients with scrotal edema or erythema, and 211 (15.9%) patients with nausea or vomiting. Operative findings identified TT in only 684 (51.5%) patients, epididymo-orchitis in 112 (8.4%) patients, a tumor in 16 (1.2%) patients, and no causes in 475 (35.7%) patients. Orchiectomy for nonviable testes was required in 101 (7.6%) patients. In multivariate analysis, an elevation of the testicle, erythema/swelling, and the presence of nausea/vomiting were found to be associated with the occurrence of TT. Testicular torsion is not exclusive to children and adolescents, so must be considered in males of any age with acute scrotal findings. However, one-third of scrotal explorations in adults did not lead to a diagnosis.

About 10-20% of pancreas allografts are still lost in the early postoperative period despite the identification of numerous detrimental risk factors that correlate with graft thrombosis. We conducted a multicenter study including 899 pancreas transplant recipients between 2000 and 2018. Early pancreas failure due to complete thrombosis, long-term pancreas, kidney and patient survivals were analyzed and adjusted to donor, recipient and perioperative variables using a multivariate cause-specific Cox model stratified to transplant centers. Pancreas from donors with history of hypertension (6.7%), as well as with high body mass index (BMI), were independently associated with an increased risk of pancreas failure within the first 30 post-operative days (respectively, HR= 2.57, 95% CI from 1.35 to 4.89 and HR= 1.11, 95% CI from 1.04 to 1.19). Interaction term between hypertension and BMI was negative. Donor hypertension also impacted long-term pancreas survival (HR= 1.88, 95% CI from 1.13 to 3.12). However, when pancreas survival was calculated after the postoperative day 30, donor hypertension was no longer a significant risk factor (HR= 1.22, 95% CI from 0.47 to 3.15). A lower pancreas survival was observed in patients receiving a pancreas from a hypertensive donor without RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System) blockers compared to others (50% vs 14%, p < 0.001). Pancreas survival was similar among non-hypertensive donors and hypertensive ones under RAAS blockers. Donor hypertension was a significant and independent risk factor of pancreas failure. The well-known pathogenic role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system seems to be involved in the genesis of this immediate graft failure.

In the original publication of the article, the first and last name of the first author were interchanged. The correct name of the author should be as given below.

Background Kidney transplantation following uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) presents a high risk of delayed graft function due to prolonged warm ischemia time. In order to minimise the effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury during warm ischemia, normothermic recirculation recently replaced in situ perfusion prior to implantation in several institutions. The aim of this study was to compare these preservation methods on kidney graft outcomes. Methods The primary endpoint was the one-year measured graft filtration rate (mGFR). We collected retrospective data from 64 consecutive uDCD recipients transplanted over a seven-year period in a single centre. Results Thirty-two grafts were preserved by in situ perfusion and 32 by normothermic recirculation. The mean ± SD mGFR at 1 year post-transplantation was 43.0 ± 12.8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the in situ perfusion group and 53.2 ± 12.8 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the normothermic recirculation group ( p  = 0.01). Estimated GFR levels were significantly higher in the normothermic recirculation group at 12 months ( p  = 0.01) and 24 months ( p  = 0.03) of follow-up. We did not find any difference between groups regarding patient and graft survival, delayed graft function, graft rejection, or interstitial fibrosis. Conclusions Function of grafts preserved by normothermic recirculation was better at 1 year and the results suggest that this persists at 2 years, although no difference was found in short-term outcomes. Despite the retrospective design, this study provides an additional argument in favour of normothermic recirculation.

Pancreatic graft thrombosis (PAT) is a major surgical complication, potentially leading to graft loss. The recently proposed Cambridge Pancreas Allograft Thrombosis (CPAT) grading system provides diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic recommendations. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively assess computed tomography angiography (CTA) examinations performed routinely in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) recipients to implement the CPAT grading system and to study its association with the recipients’ outcomes. We retrospectively studied 319 SPK transplant recipients, who underwent a routine CTA within the first 7 postoperative days. Analysis of the CTA scans revealed PAT in 215 patients (106 grade 1, 85 grade 2, 24 grade 3), while 104 showed no signs. Demographic data of the patients with and without PAT (thrombosis and non-thrombosis group) were not significantly different, except for the higher number of male donors in the thrombosis group. Pancreatic graft survival was significantly shorter in the thrombosis group. Graft loss due to PAT was significantly associated with grade 2 and 3 thrombosis, while it did not differ for recipients with grade 0 or grade 1 thrombosis. In conclusion, the CPAT grading system was successfully implemented in a large series of SPK transplant recipients and proved applicable in clinical practice.