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"Matz, David"
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Ancient Roman sports, A-Z : athletes, venues, events and terms
Chariot races. Gladiatorial combat. Fishing. Hunting. Swimming. The ancient Romans enjoyed these sports-sometimes with fanatical enthusiasm. This reference book contains more than 100 entries covering sporting events and activities of the era, and the Romans who sponsored, competed in and attended them.Charioteer Appuleius Diocles, in a career spanning 24 years, competed in 4,257 races, winning an astounding 1,462 of them. Alypius, the young friend of St. Augustine, was both drawn to and repulsed by gladiatorial battles and struggled to shake his mania for the spectacle of blood sport.Brief abstracts of the entries are included for quick reference, along with an expansive glossary and biographical notes on the ancient authors cited.
eBook
The Intermingling of Social and Evolutionary Psychology Influences on Hair Color Preferences
Hypotheses were tested as explanations for why men and women have specific hair color preferences for mates. Traditional evolutionary psychology approaches suggest that men should prefer light hair on women because it signals youth and health, while women should desire dark hair on men because it signals maturity and stability. Repeated exposure predicts people prefer the hair color on mates they are exposed to most frequently. Uniqueness implies that men and women should desire the least prevalent hair colors on potential mates because of its scarcity and rarity. Findings primarily support traditional evolutionary psychology predictions and occasionally the repeated exposure hypothesis, but not uniqueness predictions. Sex and regional differences indicate that social and evolutionary processes combine to influence hair color preferences.
Journal Article
From start to finish
Small area estimation is a research area in official and survey statistics of great practical relevance for national statistical institutes and related organizations. Despite rapid developments in methodology and software, researchers and users would benefit from having practical guidelines for the process of small area estimation. We propose a general framework for the production of small area statistics that is governed by the principle of parsimony and is based on three broadly defined stages, namely specification, analysis and adaptation, and evaluation. Emphasis is given to the interaction between a user of small area statistics and the statistician in specifying the target geography and parameters in the light of the available data. Model-free and model-dependent methods are described with a focus on model selection and testing, model diagnostics and adaptations such as use of data transformations. Uncertainty measures and the use of model and design-based simulations for method evaluation are also at the centre of the paper. We illustrate the application of the proposed framework by using real data for the estimation of non-linear deprivation indicators. Linear statistics, e.g. averages, are included as special cases of the general framework.
Journal Article
It Is a Threat, But Is It Dissonance? Comments on Gire and Williams (2007)
Comments on the article, Dissonance & the honor system: Extending the severity of threat phenomenon (2007), by J.T. Gire & T.D. Williams, which examined the impact of the threat of punishment for picking up found money. Students from a military college with a strict honor code were very hesitant to pick up found money in a public setting but willing to do so in a private setting. Students at a nonmilitary college with a more lenient honor system were likely to pick up money in any setting. It is argued that Gire & Williams are misinterpreting the findings when they suggest that cognitive dissonance is responsible for the different patterns & their suggestion that the psychological processes involved are comparable to those produced in the forbidden toy paradigm (Aronson & Carlsmith, 1963) is erroneous. Ways in which the methodology used in the found money study differs from the forbidden toy paradigm are discussed to conclude that Gire & Williams provided no evidence to suggest that dissonance processes were at work. References. J. Lindroth
Journal Article
Interrupting Intergenerational Trauma: Children of Holocaust Survivors and the Third Reich
This qualitative study used descriptive phenomenology to examine experiences of healing and reconciliation, for children of Holocaust survivors, through dialogue with children of the Third Reich. Descriptive phenomenological interviews with 5 participants yielded several common essential elements. The findings indicated that participants experienced a sense of healing of intergenerational trauma, a reduction in prejudice, and increase in motivation for pro-social behaviors. The degree to which these findings may reflect a shift in sense of identity, as well as the implications of the findings for conflict resolution, intergroup conflict reduction and peace psychology are discussed.
Journal Article
Accounting for consistency and change in responses to influence attempts: An examination of preference for consistency
The long-standing question of individual differences' impact in influence research was addressed by examining the possibility that an individual's level of Preference for Consistency (PFC) may account for some of the variability. Consistent with predictions, high and low PFC individuals did not differ in susceptibility to influence attempts when they did not hold an initial position on an issue. However, when an initial position was stated, high PFC individuals altered their position (from initial to final) significantly more than low PFC individuals, indicating that PFC may moderate the effects of influence. Discussion focuses on the salience of commitments made by participants as explanations for the pattern of results, and the implications of PFC for psychological research.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Social Comparison in the Setting of Goals for Own and Others' Performance
This research examines social factors implicated by social comparison theory to be involved in the setting of task performance goals. Participants conducted an error-checking task and selected performance goals for themselves, their roomates, and unknown others. In addition, participants made judgments regarding their relative ability on the task as well as stating their confidence in attaining the goals. Consistent with predictions, participants rated themselves as above average in ability, had more confidence in their own abilities, and set lower goals for others than for themselves. In addition, individuals had more confidence in the abilities of their roommates than unknown others, and consequently chose goals for their roommates that were more similar to their own goals. The results and implications of this study are discussed within the context of social comparison theory and the better-than-average effect.
Journal Article
Suitability of divorcing couples for mediation: A suggested typology
This paper provides a preliminary typology of divorcing couples in order to help predict which couples will benefit from divorce mediation. The typology focuses on the couple dynamics during the divorce process. It suggests seven different types of divorcing couples, based on differences in five dimensions: their commitment to divorce, prior litigation, relationship at the time, ability to communicate, and commitment to their children's well-being. A picture of each type of couple is drawn and the couple's ability to benefit from mediation discussed. The typology is aimed mainly at judges, lawyers, and persons in the helping professions who may refer divorcing couples to mediation.
Journal Article