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It is still very challenging to design office buildings to be comfortable in hyper-arid conditions. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been employed to investigate and improve the thermal performance of an office building in Béchar, Algeria, with ambient temperatures exceeding 40 °C. The scenario was analyzed using a complete methodology that integrated field measurements, questionnaires from the occupants, and CFD simulations. The investigation covered two cases: the reference case (Building 1) and a CFD-optimized building envelope (Building 2). The baseline simulation showed that the people were highly dissatisfied with the temperature, with 2.33 PMV and over 65% PPD values for the summer season. The new building envelope, with new insulation and aluminum cladding systems, showed much better improvement in the thermal comfort level. The outcome showed that PMV values were within tolerance (0.5 to +0.5), PPD levels decreased between 30% to 57%, and temperature decreased by about 6 °C. High correlation between CFD prediction and field measurement (r = 0.94) shows that the method is reliable. This study proves that CFD is a useful tool to forecast how to design for the climate. It gives evidence-based solutions for keeping individuals more comfortable and using less energy on cooling under weather extremes. The results make a contribution to sustainable building practice in very dry climates and offer a paradigm that can be used repeatedly for improving thermal comfort in poor environmental conditions.

Medieval mosques in Algeria represent an important architectural heritage that deserves to be identified, studied and preserved. Considering the period spanning the 7th to 15th centuries, this study investigated medieval mosques in Algeria, spatially and socially, to identify the architectural genotype and to establish whether such mosques present the same topological model that governs their spatial properties. This study adopted a new approach to spatial analysis of mosques that could be applied to improve understanding of other religious buildings. Space syntax as an architectural analysis tool can be used as a qualitative method for drawing justified graphs and comparing them visually and quantitatively, calculating syntactic measures and integrating visibility graph analysis to identify spatial types, reveal architectural genotypes and explain social logic. The findings demonstrate how space syntax with topological analysis and syntactic measures could be used to provide new understanding for architects, students and all those interested in heritage, architecture and design, by uncovering hidden structures and revealing the social logic embodied in the spatial configurations of mosques.

In the early stages of building design, decisions are made about the building’s form and envelope, but designers rarely base their decisions on sophisticated energy simulations, even though these features are critical to a building’s energy performance. This paper employs three methods—empirical, parametric, and uncertainty—to assess the interconnectedness of building form, envelope, orientation, and occupancy regarding thermal comfort and energy consumption for heating and cooling a residential building across three regions: Gdyel (mediterranean climate), Oum El Bouaghi, and Constantine (semi-arid climate). The study variables include indoor air temperature, relative humidity, and energy consumption. The initial findings stem from an experiment conducted in an apartment on the top floor of a building in Gdyel, which allowed us to record the evolution of the variables mentioned throughout the year and validate the parametric results of the multi-zone model created in TRNSYS16 software. This study showed that for the considered climates, a compact form is more suitable; it was found that the top floor with SF = 0.57 needs about 30% to 54% more energy than the inter-floor with SF = 0.21. In addition, the heating and cooling methods and habits adopted by Algerian households are responsible for 18% to 35% on the top floor and the inter-floor, respectively.

The present study aims at testing the influence of the urban morphology on the external weather conditions and the urban microclimate by treating quantitative aspects of the outdoor thermal comfort. This is based on a site investigation aims at studying the correlation between the geometry of the street, its orientation and the evolution of the physical variables: air temperature (Ta), Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), Relative Humidity (RH), Wind speed (Ws). The measures were the subject of a campaign carried out in the urban fabric of the ksar of the red village in the wilaya of Biskra in Algeria. The objective is to define the most efficient urban geometry in term of summer thermal comfort by studying the real impacts of the urban form on the solar control and microclimatic conditions. The evaluation of the thermal comfort in these external spaces is carried out by analyzing physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) values calculated by Rayman Pro 2.1 software based on the measured microclimatic parameters.

The cultural heritage represents the most important foundation for creating and maintaining identity; \"Heritage is what contemporary society inherits and passes on; thus, it does not represent only the past but also the present use of the past\" (Laura Di Pietro et al, 2018, p. 97). Identity and Contemporary are the problems of every civilization. Identity is defined as consisting of \"customary practice and of beliefs, values, sanctions, rules, motives and satisfactions associated whit it\" (Jensen et al, 2011, p. 286). Life can never be satisfied in the old past, despite its origin and originality separate from his present, and impossible to live and grow outside the womb of his assets without identity; therefore, it was necessary for The genius civilization to live its present depends on its authentic identity in a modern and sophisticated spirit that takes from its past to lead its future. The research discusses the problem of loss of identity in the designs on the Arab and Islamic architecture and especially on contemporary mosques in Algeria characterized by an architectural weakness on their spatial organization, mihrabs, minarets, domes and others; where non-observance of values and aesthetic design of proportions and dimensions and measurements at simulation Heritage styles which could lead to loss of identity design.

The present study aims at testing the influence of the urban morphology on the external weather conditions and the urban microclimate by treating quantitative aspects of the outdoor thermal comfort. This is based on a site investigation aims at studying the correlation between the geometry of the street, its orientation and the evolution of the physical variables: air temperature (Ta), Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), Relative Humidity (RH), Wind speed (Ws). The measures were the subject of a campaign carried out in the urban fabric of the ksar of the red village in the wilaya of Biskra in Algeria. The objective is to define the most efficient urban geometry in term of summer thermal comfort by studying the real impacts of the urban form on the solar control and microclimatic conditions. The evaluation of the thermal comfort in these external spaces is carried out by analyzing physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) values calculated by Rayman Pro 2.1 software based on the measured microclimatic parameters.

This paper aimed to develop a multisensory approach in a university campus, based on quantitative and qualitative approaches, investigating sense walk experiences (thermo-visual sound walk) under interactions of luminous, thermal, and auditory environments. The study was conducted in October 2021, in Chetma university campus in Biskra city, southern Algeria, which remains a famous oasis settlement of arid regions over the country. A comparative and correlation analysis was performed between the physical dimensions collected through a walking experience in three campus routes (outdoor, semi-outdoor and indoor). In addition, a multisensory survey of the walking experience on perceptual dimensions was evaluated in parallel to the empirical contribution. The paper shows that walkers’ thermal levels were balanced between neural and slightly hot in different spatial aspects. The glare was almost unperceived regarding the luminous conditions in the study site. The auditory experience reveals that the conducted points were generally quiet and well placed for educational requirements. Findings also show a strong relationship between the physical dimensions of the luminous and auditory environment. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the thermal and luminous environments are more perceptible than the auditory environment for the walkers of the outdoor and indoor routes. In contrast, the semi-outdoor route is often perceptible by the perceptual dimensions of the luminous and auditory environments. The findings on sensorial thresholds and spatial adaption are essential for the educational practices’ architectural and urban strategies for the Saharan cities and oasis settlements.

The geometrical analysis conducted reveals very clearly a consistent application of the golden section. The geometric technique of construction of the golden section seems to have determined the major decisions of the spatial organisation. The golden section appears repeatedly in some part of the building measurements. It is found in the overall proportion of the plan and in the dimensioning of the prayer space, the court and the minaret. The existence of the golden section in some parts of Kairouan mosque indicates that the elements designed and generated with this principle may have been realised at the same period. This suggests and opens the possibility for further inquiry into the dating of the transformations that took place in this mosque. Authors Kenza Boussora and Said Mazouz examine earlier archaeological theories about the mosque, demonstrate the geometric constructions for the golden section, and apply these constructions to the plan of the mosque to test their hypothesis.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Given the importance of DC machine in the industrial field and with the technological development, researchers are interested in developing the design of DC machine of all kinds. In this work, an advanced design of different type for DC machines using finite element method simulator. Design series DC machine, shunt DC machine and compound DC machine were implemented using Ansys RMXprt and study electromagnetic phenomena in Maxwell software, we will study flux lines and magnetic flux density and identify areas of temperature distribution. The speed and torque rates for each design are evaluated with consideration of time. Then, a 3D design of a compound DC machine and series DC machine was created to evaluate the difference between the DC machine types.