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Background The incidence of posterior urethral valve (PUV) is estimated at 1:5000–1:8000 males. It is the most common paediatric urologic urgency and the most common cause of male obstructive uropathy and chronic renal failure in children. The study aimed to describe the experience of Yaoundé gynaeco-obstetrics and paediatric hospital in the management of PUV. Methods Retrospectively, medical records were retrieved over a ten year period and all data recorded and analyzed for study objectives. Patients were called and evaluated for outcomes regarding morbidity and mortality. Results A total of 18 patients all males were managed over the ten year period, given prevalence of 13 cases/100,000 admissions and an admission rate of 2 per annum. The median age at presentation was 22 months and 13 (72.2%) participants presented late. Voiding urethrocystogram was done in all the participants where it showed dilated and elongated posterior urethral valves in 16 (88.9%) of the cases. Endoscopic valve ablation resulted in the relief of obstruction in all but 3 (16.7%) participants that had residual valves and 2 (11.2%) participants that had urethral stenosis. Type I valves were most common in 14 (78.0%) participants. The mean duration of follow up was 34.56 ± 21.47 months. Complications at final follow up were: 10 (55.6%) chronic renal failure, 2 (11.2%) end-stage renal failure. The case fatality rate was 5.6%. Conclusion Many patients present late in our setting with already established complications. There is the need to counsel parents/guardians on the importance of long-term follow up after relief of obstruction.

Background Radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion are treatment modalities for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, in Cameroon, there is little information on orthotopic neo-bladder (ONB) reconstruction in the literature. Objective We aimed to share our indications for ONB reconstruction, evaluate the functional outcomes, and enumerate the surgical complications. By sharing our experience with ONB reconstruction, we hope to broaden the understanding of this procedure and aid in anticipating its various outcomes. Methods A retrospective assessment of medical records was conducted for all patients who underwent ONB reconstruction after RC for bladder cancer from January 2020 to April 2023 at Nkwen Baptist Hospital. Data collected included socio-demographic details, clinical and pathological data, indications for surgery, voiding, and metabolic outcomes at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Data analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS version 26.0. Results Eighteen patients (66.7% male) with a mean age of 60.50 (± 6.90) years were included. Indications for ONB were 56% for pT2b, 23% for pT2a, and 23% for multifocal T1 disease without ureteral, urethral, or bladder neck extension. At 12 months, 77.8% had acceptable diurnal continence, and 72.2% had acceptable nocturnal continence. Peak urinary flow rates and post-void residual volumes were acceptable in 77.8% and 83.3% of patients, respectively. Additionally, 88.9% had normal sodium levels, 94.4% had normal potassium levels, and 94.4% had normal chloride levels at 12 months post-ONB creation. Conclusions ONB reconstruction provides satisfactory continence and minimal rates of electrolyte derangement, contributing valuable insights into the functional outcomes of this procedure.

Background Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is one of the major complications of circumcision. The risk factors associated with UCF are not clear‐cut but its repair remains a challenge for urological surgeons. The aim of this study was to highlight the epidemiological, and clinical features and outcomes obtained from the management of UCF in the context of a country with limited medical resources where ritual circumcision is widely practiced. Patients and methods From February 2010 to December 2022, 35 patients underwent surgical repair for post‐circumcision UCF in two tertiary hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon. Simple closure, Thiersch‐Duplay‐Snodgrass and Mathieu techniques were performed. Results The mean age of patients was 7.4 ± 4.1 years with a range of 2 to 21 years; the median age at circumcision was 24 months (12; 48). Most (95%) of circumcisions were performed by paramedical staff. The majority of patients (n = 26) consulted for a bifid stream, Three‐quarters of fistulae were located at the corona. Small fistulae represented 74.28% (n = 26) of cases as opposed to large fistulae (25.71%). More than 70% of patients underwent a simple closure. The therapeutic results were satisfactory in 91.4% of cases (n = 32) after an average follow‐up of 91.85 ± 51.92 months. There were no statistically significant differences between the patients with coronal fistula and patients with distal penile fistula concerning demographic, clinical and surgical characteristics. Conclusion Urethrocutaneous fistula is a major and frequent complication of circumcision mostly practiced by non‐qualified personnel on children aged 24 months. The usual presentation is micturition with a bifid stream occurring on average 3 months after circumcision. Coronal fistulas are the commoner location. Simple closure, Thiersch‐Duplay‐Snodgrass and Mathieu technique appear to be safe with the advantages of low recurrence rate. An accurate diagnosis with a timeframe respecting the principles of fistula surgery combined with regular follow‐up is mandatory for good long‐term results with a low recurrence rate. Further prospective studies on the factors affecting the formation of urethrocutaneous fistula should be performed to prevent this complication of circumcision.

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital malformation, especially in females. It may be associated with complex urogenital malformations, but the association with a cystic phallic urethra and a uterus didelphys is exceptional. We report a case of a newborn with urethral duplication, with the accessory urethra exteriorized by a large cyst, associated with a uterus didelphys and bone malformations. We discuss the clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic aspects as well as a literature review.

Undescended testis (UDT) refers to the actual absence of one or both testicles from their normal position in the scrotum. It can lead to testicular atrophy, malignancy and male infertility. Our study highlights the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of UDT in 3 referral hospitals in Douala. we conducted a descriptive and retrospective study over 10 years (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021). We collected data from the medical records of patients aged 1 to 15 years, who underwent surgery for UDT. The sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were collected, recorded and analyzed using CS Pro 7.3 and SPSS 23 software. we reviewed 741 records, excluding 595 that were not managed during our study period, leaving 105 cases included. UDT accounted for 1.39% (741 out of 53,431 cases) of urological consultations. The average age was 6.65±3.13 years. Scrotal emptiness was the main reason for consultation (81.9%), discovered by a parent at home in 76.7% of cases (n=66). Six point seven percent of the patients (n=7) had a brother with a history of UDT and 2.8% (n=3) a father. The left testis was most commonly affected: 44.8% (n=47). The testis was palpable in the inguinal region in 91.4% of cases (n=96). The diagnosis was mainly clinical, with ultrasound performed in 14 patients (13.4%). Cryptorchidism was the most diagnosed condition: 85.7% (n=90). The average hospital stay was 1.85±0.74 days. Two surgical approaches were used: inguinal in 99 patients (94.3%) and laparoscopic in 6 patients (5.7%). from our study, we can conclude that UDT is a relatively uncommon condition in urological consultations, emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and management. Surgically, two approaches are available: the inguinal approach, which is the most commonly used, and laparoscopy, which is essential when the testicles are intra-abdominal or non-palpable in the inguinal region.

Transverse testicular ectopia is a rare anomaly characterized by testicular descent into the scrotum through the same inguinal canal. Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with transverse testicular ectopia wherein both testes descended through separate inguinal canals. He underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy which helped to identify both spermatic cords entering both inguinal canals separately. During scrotal exploration, both testes were found in the same side. Transseptal orchidopexy was performed. The short-term follow-up is uneventful.

Introductionle testicule non descendu (TND) désigne l'absence réelle d'un ou deux testicules de sa position normale dans le scrotum. Il peut entraîner l'atrophie testiculaire, sa cancérisation et l'infertilité masculine. Notre étude met en évidence les aspects épidémiologique, diagnostique et thérapeutique du TND dans 3 hôpitaux de référence de Douala.Méthodesnous avons mené une étude descriptive et rétrospective sur 10 ans (1er janvier 2012 au 31 décembre 2021). Nous avons colligé les dossiers des patients de 1 à 15 ans, opérés pour TND. Les données sociodémographiques, cliniques, paracliniques, thérapeutiques ont été collectées puis enregistrées et analysées avec les logiciels CS Pro 7.3 et SPSS 23.Résultatsnous avons répertorié 741 dossiers, exclus 595 car non pris en charge durant notre période d'étude. 105 ont été inclus. Les TND représentaient 1,39% (741 cas sur 53431 cas) des consultations urologiques. L'âge moyen était 6,65±3,13 ans. La vacuité scrotale était le principal motif de consultation (81,9%), découverte par un parent à domicile dans 76,7% des cas (n=66). Six virgule sept pour cent (6,7%) des patients (n=7) avaient un frère ayant un antécédent de TND et 2,8% (n=3) un père. Le testicule gauche était le plus représenté: 44,8% (n=47). Le testicule était palpable en inguinal dans 91,4% des cas (n=96). Le diagnostic était le plus souvent clinique. L'échographie était réalisée chez 14 patients (13,4%). La cryptorchidie était la plus diagnostiquée: 85,7% (n=90). La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 1,85±0,74 jours. Deux voies d'abord sur le plan chirurgical ont été utilisées: inguinale 99 patients (94,3%) et coelioscopique 6 patients (5,7%).Conclusionau terme de notre travail nous pouvons dire que la TND est une pathologie pour la moins fréquente en consultation urologique d'où la nécessité de savoir bien la diagnostiquer et la prendre en charge. Dans cette optique nous avons deux voies d'abord sur plan chirurgical. Inguinale la plus utilisée et la chirurgie laparoscopique essentielle si les testicules sont intra abdominaux ou tout simplement non palpables dans la région inguinale.