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جون فورد : الفتى الذي صنع أفلام الغرب الأمريكي
الكتاب يسلط الضوء على حياة وأعمال المخرج الأمريكي الشهير جون فورد. الكتاب يتناول مسيرته المهنية الطويلة التي امتدت لأكثر من خمسين عاما، حيث أخرج خلالها أكثر من 140 فيلما، بما في ذلك العديد من أفلام الغرب الأمريكي التي أصبحت أيقونية. يستعرض الكتاب أيضا تأثير فورد الكبير على صناعة السينما، حيث كان رائدا في التصوير خارج الأستوديو واستخدام اللقطات الطويلة، مما أضفى على أفلامه طابعا فريدا. كما يتناول الكتاب الجوائز التي حصل عليها، بما في ذلك أربع جوائز أوسكار كأفضل مخرج.
Book
Measuring Pitcher Production Fairly in Baseball Using the Shapley Value
This paper introduces fairer measures of individual pitcher performance in baseball using the Shapley Value from coalitional game theory. The paper’s key conceptual innovation is a novel two-stage procedure for constructing the coalitionary game value functions for runs allowed and outs recorded by a baseball team’s defense. This procedure enables the Shapley Value calculation to fairly divide credit for runs and out between different pitchers and between pitchers and fielders. It also results in two new statistics—Shapley Pitcher Runs (SPR) and Shapley Pitcher Outs (SPO)—that, unlike traditional pitching statistics, consistently satisfy several mathematical fairness axioms. A third statistic, called Shapley Run Average, provides a fairer measure of pitcher efficiency. I calculate these statistics for the 2022 Major League Baseball regular season and the 1955–2022 World Series championships. Using SPR and SPO as the standard for fairness, empirical analysis reveals that the traditional pitching statistics systematically and unfairly overcredit pitchers by 40–50%, with starting pitchers miscredited more severely than relievers. Analysis of SRA identifies efficient pitchers whose performance is obscured by conventional statistics and enables a reassessment of historic World Series performances. Overall, this work demonstrates another application of the Shapley Value to creating new performance measures in team sports.
Journal Article
Engineer this! : 10 amazing projects for young mechanical engineers
\"Turn trash into invention and sharpen your engineering eye with 10 hands-on engineering projects. Using recycled and easy-to-find materials, engineer [a] motorcar, catapult, glider, and other completely functional machines. Explore scientific concepts, such as potential, kinetic, and electrical energy; principles of flight; weights and balances; pulleys and levers; laws of motion; and more\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus
The current manuscript has been adapted from the official position statement of the UK Strength and Conditioning Association on youth resistance training. It has subsequently been reviewed and endorsed by leading professional organisations within the fields of sports medicine, exercise science and paediatrics. The authorship team for this article was selected from the fields of paediatric exercise science, paediatric medicine, physical education, strength and conditioning and sports medicine.
Journal Article
Money Affects Theory of Mind Differently by Gender
Theory of Mind (ToM)--the ability to understand other's thoughts, intentions, and emotions--is important for navigating interpersonal relationships, avoiding conflict, and empathizing. Prior research has identified many factors that affect one's ToM ability, but little work has examined how different kinds of monetary incentives affect ToM ability. We ask: Does money affect ToM ability? If so, how does the effect depend on the structure of monetary incentives? How do the differences depend on gender? We hypothesize that money will affect ToM ability differently by gender: monetary rewards increase males' motivation to express ToM ability while simultaneously crowding out females' motivation. This prediction is confirmed in an experiment that varies the structure of monetary rewards for correct answers in the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). RMET scores decrease for females and increase for males with individual payments, and this effect is stronger with competitively-structured payments. RMET scores do not significantly change when monetary earnings go to a charity. Whether money improves or hinders ToM ability, and, hence, success in social interactions, thus depends on the interaction of gender and monetary incentive structure.
Journal Article
Antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and its components: An overview
The importance of honey for medicinal purposes is well documented in some of the world's oldest literature. Honey is well known and studied for its antimicrobial properties. The medicinal properties in honey originate from the floral source used by bees. Manuka honey is a dark monofloral honey rich in phenolic content, and currently it is gaining much attention for its antimicrobial activity. Researchers have found that honey is effective against a wide range of pathogens. The antibacterial potency of Manuka honey was found to be related to the Unique Manuka Factor (UMF) rating, which is correlated with the methylglyoxal and total phenols content. It is reported that different types of Manuka honey have differing effects and Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant than Gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial resistance to honey as antimicrobial agent has yet to be identified, possibly due to the presence of a complex mixture of methylglyoxal and other components. Honey is also reported to alter a bacterium's shape and size through septal ring alteration, which affects cell morphology and growth. Research has shown that Manuka honey of different UMF values has medicinal properties of interest and it can be beneficial when used as a combination treatment with other antimicrobial agents.
Journal Article
Safety, pharmacodynamics, and potential benefit of omaveloxolone in Friedreich ataxia
Objective Previous studies have demonstrated that suppression of Nrf2 in Friedreich ataxia tissues contributes to excess oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced ATP production. Omaveloxolone, an Nrf2 activator and NF‐kB suppressor, targets dysfunctional inflammatory, metabolic, and bioenergetic pathways. The dose‐ranging portion of this Phase 2 study assessed the safety, pharmacodynamics, and potential benefit of omaveloxolone in Friedreich ataxia patients (NCT02255435). Methods Sixty‐nine Friedreich ataxia patients were randomized 3:1 to either omaveloxolone or placebo administered once daily for 12 weeks. Patients were randomized in cohorts of eight patients, at dose levels of 2.5–300 mg/day. Results Omaveloxolone was well tolerated, and adverse events were generally mild. Optimal pharmacodynamic changes (noted by changes in ferritin and GGT) were observed at doses of 80 and 160 mg/day. No significant changes were observed in the primary outcome, peak work load in maximal exercise testing (0.9 ± 2.9 W, placebo corrected). At the 160 mg/day dose, omaveloxolone improved the secondary outcome of the mFARS by 3.8 points versus baseline (P = 0.0001) and by 2.3 points versus placebo (P = 0.06). Omaveloxolone produced greater improvements in mFARS in patients that did not have musculoskeletal foot deformity (pes cavus). In patients without this foot deformity, omaveloxolone improved mFARS by 6.0 points from baseline (P < 0.0001) and by 4.4 points versus placebo (P = 0.01) at the 160 mg/day. Interpretation Treatment of Friedreich ataxia patients with omaveloxolone at the optimal dose level of 160 mg/day appears to improve neurological function. Therefore, omaveloxolone treatment is being examined in greater detail at 150 mg/day for Friedreich ataxia.
Journal Article
Threshold uncertainty in discrete public good games: an experimental study
A discrete public good is provided when total contributions equal or exceed the contribution threshold. Recent theoretical work shows that an increase in threshold uncertainty will increase (decrease) equilibrium contributions when the public good value is sufficiently high (low). In an experiment designed to test these predictions, I find only limited verification of the prediction. Using elicited beliefs data to represent subjects’ beliefs, I find that behavior is not consistent with expected payoff maximization, however, contributions are increasing in subjects’ subjective pivotalness. Thus, wider threshold uncertainty will sometimes—but not always—hinder collective action.
Journal Article
Exercise capacity in the Fontan circulation
The Fontan operation can create a stable circulation from childhood through early adulthood. However, the absence of a sub-pulmonary pumping chamber leads to a physiology in which exercise capacity is limited and decreases with age starting in adolescence. The limitation in exercise capacity is more pronounced at peak levels of exercise, but is still present during more modest levels of activity. The underlying causes of exercise impairment relate to both central cardiovascular factors (oxygen delivery) and peripheral factors (oxygen extraction). Interventions to improve cardiac preload and to improve lean muscle mass may help to improve exercise capacity and, perhaps, will alter the “natural history” of the progressive decline.
Journal Article
Safety and Feasibility of Exercise Rehabilitation in Children with Ventricular Assist Devices
Children with advanced heart failure may require ventricular assist devices (VAD) while awaiting heart transplantation. Currently, no data exist regarding the safety of exercise rehabilitation (ER) in children on VAD support. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of ER in children on VAD support awaiting heart transplantation. Eligible patients underwent VAD placement between 1998 and 2019; both inpatient and outpatient participants were included. After VAD implantation and when ambulatory, patients were enrolled in ER. Exercise sessions were scheduled three times a week and consisted of aerobic and musculoskeletal conditioning. A total of 29 patients (59% male, mean age 14 ± 3.2 years) were included with a median VAD duration of 120 ± 109 days. Cardiac diagnoses included cardiomyopathy (81%) and congenital heart disease (19%). VAD type included pulsatile (59%) and continuous-flow devices (41%). Eight hundred and sixty-four (85%) ER sessions were successfully completed and began at a mean of 49 days (range 19–108) after VAD implant. No adverse events, including episodes of hypotension, significant complex arrhythmia, or VAD malfunction occurred during exercise testing or ER, and no sessions were discontinued prematurely. Pediatric patients on VAD support can safely participate in ER with relatively high compliance, and sessions can be implemented early after VAD implantation. Given the safety profile, ER in pediatric VAD recipients, which is a modifiable pre-transplant risk factor that may improve functional capacity, warrants further study as a potential modality to improve post-transplant outcomes.
Journal Article