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Health and quality of life vary across neighborhoods, showing that where people live shapes how they live. However, current quantitative geo-focused methods exploring neighborhood impacts on health do not fully capture how people experience places. Nurse researchers’ grounding in the nursing metaparadigm (person, environment, health, and nursing) positions them to lead inquiry into how social and physical neighborhood environments affect health. We propose a nursing-led Go-along Virtual INTERview (GVIv) approach that utilizes digital street-view platforms to conduct virtual interviews to investigate how neighborhoods shape lived experiences. Guided by the Political Ecology Framework to contextualize historical, cultural, and political-economic influences on health, and principles of community-engaged research, we used the GVIv approach to situate narratives of individuals with opioid use disorders in Chicago. This approach combines in-person and virtual semi-structured interviews to explore how built, social, economic, cultural, and temporal neighborhood factors shape health. Our pilot application of GVIv showed promise in eliciting rich contextual data, shifting researcher–participant dynamics, reducing resource expenditure, and enhancing safety. GVIv expands nursing research by offering a participant-centered, scalable approach to examine place-based health influences and inform equitable policy and intervention design.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The role of the vaginal microbiome (VM) in HIV disease progression is poorly understood. We examined VMs of HIV+ Elite Controllers (ECs) and HIV+ Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNPs) compared to controls: HIV-positive antiretroviral (ARV) treated (HIV+ATs) and HIV-negative women in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (DC/Chicago/Atlanta sites). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: VMs were surveyed via both V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics sequencing in 67 women across 4 study groups: 1) LTNPs (CD4 >500 cells/mL for 5+ years without ARVs) (n = 7) and 2) ECs (HIV RNA <80 copies/mL for 2+ years without ARVs) (n = 8), matched with 3) HIV+ ATs (on ARVs for ≥1 year with CD4 increase ≥100 cells/mm 3 ) (n = 34), and 4) HIV- women (n = 18). Metagenomes were characterized from specimens collected at two time points: 1) vaginal swabs collected 2016-2017 (n = 62) and 2) cervicovaginal lavage collected 2002-2016 (n = 35; DC/Chicago only). We used VIRGO (human vaginal non-redundant gene catalog), a newly developed referencing framework to comprehensively catalog VM gene content, taxonomy and functions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Women were 89% African American with a mean age of 46 years (SD 8.8). The most prevalent species were Gardnerella vaginalis (predominant in 34%), Lactobacillus iners (predominant in 21%), and L. crispatus (predominant in 14%). 90% of LTNP and 45% of EC samples were Lactobacillus -dominant vs. 28% of HIV- and 30% of HIV+ATs. L. crispatus and L. iners in ECs/LTNPs had significantly different gene content and greater gene richness vs. controls. G. vaginalis -predominant communities were found in 66% of HIV- and 68% of HIV+ATs, compared to 46% of EC and 0% of LTNP. The G. vaginalis strains present in EC/LTNP also showed significantly lower gene richness and different gene content vs. controls. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results suggest unique VM communities among EC/LTNP, and led us to hypothesize that differential regulation of vaginal immunity drives the observed differences. The similarity between VMs of HIV- and HIV+ATs warrants further study. Larger longitudinal VM studies are needed to assess associated functional pathways and understand the etiology of VM association with HIV progression. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Introduction Sleep disturbance is recognized to be highly prevalent in people living with HIV (affecting ~29-97%). Women over the age of 40 years are particularly affected. It is not known however, if HIV infection independently contributes to sleep disturbance, or if the observed sleep disturbance is mostly due to psychosocial factors that can co-occur in people living with HIV. Therefore, we examined subjective and objective sleep parameters in women participating in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Chicago site. The WIHS study recruits women with and without HIV using similar methods, thereby minimizing psychosocial differences between them. Methods Ninety women (46 HIV+ virally suppressed with antiretroviral therapy, 15 HIV+ viremic, and 29 HIV- women, average age 51 years) completed a sleep quality questionnaire (PSQI), a week of wrist actigraphy, and an overnight urine collection. Variables extracted from the wrist actigraphy included the weekly average total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). The overall night-time secretion of creatinine-adjusted levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (melatonin metabolite, MLT) was extracted from the urine sample. Results Many demographic and psychosocial factors known to influence sleep were not significantly different between the three groups (e.g. age, race/ethnicity, BMI, education, income, employment, stable housing, alcohol and substance use, depressive and PTSD symptoms; p>0.05). PSQI was elevated in all 3 groups but did not differ between groups (PSQI 6.4 HIV+ viremic, 6.7 HIV+ aviremic, 7.7 HIV-; p>0.05). Wrist actigraphy revealed similar sleep duration and sleep efficiency in all 3 groups with no group difference (TST: 6.7 h HIV+ viremic, 6.6 h HIV+ aviremic, 6.2 h HIV-; SE: 83.5% HIV+ viremic, 85.2% HIV+ aviremic, 84.7% HIV-, p>0.05). Melatonin metabolite concentration also did not differ between the groups (MLT: 21.6 HIV+ viremic, 25.0 HIV+ aviremic, 26.1 HIV-, p>0.05). Conclusion While sleep disturbance is widely recognized in people living with HIV, HIV infection in and of itself does not appear to be systematically associated with greater sleep disturbance. Concomitant psychosocial factors likely play a greater role in contributing to sleep disturbance in HIV. Support (If Any) U01 AI034993

Surveys are widely used to gather health information from a sample of individuals. This brief report reviews 14 free and low-cost software packages (< dollar 1,000) that can be used when conducting health surveys with a limited budget. Information available on the Internet or directly from the provider in response to inquiry was reviewed for key features used by health survey researchers. Many free or low-cost software options appropriate for questionnaire development are readily available. Questionnaire mode and complexity, data management and analytical needs, and computing environment are all important considerations in selecting survey software.

Abstract Genome size varies widely, even among closely related species, yet much less is known about chromosome size variation. Here we use the fourth chromosome of Drosophila, also known as the “Muller F element” or “dot chromosome”, as a model to investigate chromosome-specific size expansion. The F element of most Drosophila species is small (∼1.3 Mb) and almost entirely heterochromatic, yet harbors approximately 80 protein-coding genes. Here, we study D. kikkawai, D. takahashii, D. ananassae, and D. bipectinata, whose F elements are 2- to 15-fold larger in size compared to D. melanogaster. Through manual gene curation and comparative genomic analysis, we find that their F elements have expanded primarily via accumulation of transposable elements (TEs) in introns and intergenic regions. Natural selection appears less efficient on these expanded F elements: they have smaller effective population sizes and their genes exhibit reduced usage of optimal codons, compared to D. melanogaster. We propose that F element size variation is driven by differences in F element recombination rates. The ultra-long (∼20 Mb) F elements of D. ananassae and D. bipectinata display high rates of rearrangement and sequence evolution and exhibit independent TE-driven expansions. Our results suggest that F elements of most Drosophila species likely recombine enough to prevent size expansion, while F element recombination in D. ananassae and D. bipectinata is either absent or rare enough to allow TEs and other deleterious mutations to accumulate via Muller's ratchet; thus, these chromosomes evolve more like a Y chromosome than a typical Drosophila F element.

Over the past several decades, federal incentive programs have encouraged the restoration of bottomland forests throughout the West Gulf Coastal Plain (WGCP) and the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Programs such as the Conservation Reserve (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve (WRP) Programs have been marginally successful (Stanturf et al. 2001). Foresters and contractors often follow conventional tree planting procedures that are well established for upland sites, but prove problematic in bottomlands. High water tables, soil drainage and compaction, overland flooding and diverse soil properties make species selection difficult. Slight changes in topography and soil structure often have a dramatic effect on survival and growth of planted oak seedlings (Hodges and Schweitzer 1979). This project documented the survival and growth of six-year old seedlings that were established on a bottomland site in 2004, located at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center, Jackson, Tennessee. The purpose was to determine how soil drainage as indicated by mottling (specifically, the point of 50 percent gray color throughout the soil profile) affects the survival and growth of bottomland oak species. The findings suggest that practitioners plant Nuttall, pin and overcup oaks in poorly drained soils. As the drainage improves, begin mixing in willow oak. In the best drained soils (if they exist), finish by including water, swamp chestnut, swamp white, Shumard, cherrybark and bur oaks. Potential species diversity should expand as the soil drainage improves.