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"McEachern, Nancy"
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Student's gluten-free cookbook for dummies
Want to create classic college meals like pizza and pasta-- gluten-free? This guide gives you recipes for making healthy and hearty gluten-free meals and points out how to save time and money for meals, snacks, and party foods -- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Gluten-free all-in-one for dummies
If you are making the switch to a life free of gluten-- either by necessity or choice-- this guide is the only reference you'll need. You'll discover the benefits of being gluten-free; learn how to read food labels and keep a gluten-free kitchen; and find recipes for recipes for everything from breakfasts to main courses.
Book
Pharmacogenetic activation of parvalbumin interneurons in the prefrontal cortex rescues cognitive deficits induced by adolescent MK801 administration
The cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) present a significant clinical burden. They are treatment resistant and are the primary predictor of functional outcomes. Although the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear, pathological GABAergic signaling likely plays an essential role. Perturbations with parvalbumin (PV)-expressing fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are consistently found in post-mortem studies of patients with SZ, as well as in animal models. Our studies have shown decreased prefrontal synaptic inhibition and PV immunostaining, along with working memory and cognitive flexibility deficits in the MK801 model. To test the hypothesized association between PV cell perturbations and impaired cognition in SZ, we activated prefrontal PV cells by using an excitatory DREADD viral vector with a PV promoter to rescue the cognitive deficits induced by adolescent MK801 administration in female rats. We found that targeted pharmacogenetic upregulation of prefrontal PV interneuron activity can restore E/I balance and improve cognition in the MK801 model. Our findings support the hypothesis that the reduced PV cell activity levels disrupt GABA transmission, resulting in the disinhibition of excitatory pyramidal cells. This disinhibition leads to an elevated prefrontal excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance that could be causal for cognitive impairments. Our study provides novel insights into the causal role of PV cells in cognitive function and has clinical implications for understanding the pathophysiology and management of SZ.
Journal Article
Predictors of response to insulin therapy in youth with poorly‐controlled type 2 diabetes in the TODAY trial
Objective
To understand the factors associated with glycemic control after starting insulin in youth with type 2 diabetes following glycemic failure (persistent HbA1c ≥8%) with metformin alone, metformin + rosiglitazone or metformin + lifestyle in the TODAY study.
Methods
Change in HbA1c after add‐on insulin therapy and the factors predictive of glycemic response were evaluated. At 1‐year postinsulin initiation, 253 youth had a mean of 3.9 ± 1.0 visits since the time of insulin initiation. Participants were divided into three groups according to glycemic control: consistent decrease in HbA1c by ≥0.5%, change <0.5%, or consistent increase in HbA1c ≥0.5%, at 75% or more of the visits.
Results
Within 1‐year postinsulin initiation, 33.2% of participants had a consistent HbA1c decrease of ≥0.5%, 46.2% changed HbA1c <0.5%, and 20.6% had an increase ≥0.5%. At randomization into TODAY and at time of insulin initiation, the three glycemia groups were similar in age, sex, race‐ethnicity, pubertal stage, BMI z‐score, diabetes duration, and insulin secretion indices. Consistent HbA1c improvement was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin) at randomization and at time of failure, higher adiponectin at randomization, and was not associated with indices of β‐cell function.
Conclusions
Response to add‐on insulin was highly variable among youth in TODAY. Greater insulin sensitivity and higher adiponectin concentrations at randomization were associated with improved glycemic control after initiation of insulin. Due to limited information on adherence to insulin injections, the roles of adherence to the prescribed insulin regimen or psychosocial factors are unknown.
Journal Article
