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The ethnographic decipherment of the Bushman (San) rock art of southern Africa instigated a revolution in our understanding of hunter-gatherer rock arts worldwide, even in regions widely separated from the original context of the model. Crucial to this decipherment were the narratives of the Bushman Qing, an inhabitant of the nineteenth-century Maloti-Drakensberg. This article returns to Qing's testimony to investigate why it is that a putative ‘hunter-gatherer’ of the Maloti-Drakensberg should have chosen to express the relationship between ritual specialists (‘shamans’) and non-human entities (game animals and the rain) through taming idioms. It discusses the wider context of ‘taming’ and ‘wildness’ in Southern Bushman thought, responding to calls to consider these communities and their visual arts in light of the perspectives of the ‘new animisms’. It explores how these idioms help us to understand particular visual tropes in the rock art of the Maloti-Drakensberg and highlights the integrated nature of ‘ritual’ and hunting specialists in Southern Bushman life.

The ethnographic data of the Bleek-Lloyd archive pertaining to the ǀXam Bushmen (San) of the Karoo have been marshalled to great effect in developing understandings of Bushman rock art throughout southern Africa, with implications for archaeological interpretations of hunter-gatherer rock arts worldwide. Rock art from their homelands, however, has received comparatively little attention, and obvious historical content—which would tie the art to the socio-cultural milieu of the Bleek-Lloyd informants—has occasioned relatively little comment. This paper returns to one site (the Strandberg) known to have been a prominent feature in the cultural landscape of the ǀXam to explore the historical imagery present there, examining the ways in which this art demonstrates the ongoing vitality of certain aspects of ǀXam life in the face of the dramatic socio-cultural changes experienced by these groups from the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The paper investigates the range of potential authors for the art, and looks at the context of its production within the expansion of global markets, violent interactions and shifting subsistence options that characterized the late nineteenth-century Northern Cape.

Power quality monitoring has expanded from a means to investigate customer complaints to an integral part of power system performance assessments. Besides special purpose power quality monitors, power quality data are collected from many other monitoring devices on the system (intelligent relays, revenue meters, digital fault recorders, etc.). The result is a tremendous volume of measurement data that is being collected continuously and must be analyzed to determine if there are important conclusions that can be drawn from the data. It is a significant challenge due to the wide range of characteristics involved, ranging from very slow variations in the steady state voltage to microsecond transients and high frequency distortion. This paper describes some of the problems that can be evaluated with both offline and online analyses of power quality measurement data. These applications can dramatically increase the value of power quality monitoring systems and provide the basis for ongoing research into new analysis and characterization methods and signal processing techniques.

The ability of hunting and gathering populations to adopt herding forms of subsistence constitutes the crux of a long-standing debate in southern African archaeological and anthropological scholarship concerning the spread of livestock to the subcontinent. This article takes as a detailed case study the subsistence strategies of the nineteenth-century ǀXam Bushmen of the Northern Cape (South Africa), extracted from a transcription of the entirety of the Bleek–Lloyd Archive. It focuses on ǀXam characterization of and relationships with the various domesticated species that shared their Karoo landscape, and asks whether these relationships differ markedly from their conceptions of non-domesticated animals. Turning to the wider context of hunter-gatherer engagements with domesticates, the article concludes by proposing that, for the ǀXam, domesticated fauna were part of a spectrum of differentiated resources, and did not entail an interaction with a wholly alien suite of new demands. La capacité des populations de chasseurs et cueilleurs à adopter l’élevage comme forme de subsistance est au cœur d’un débat qui anime depuis longtemps la recherche archéologique et anthropologique en Afrique australe concernant la propagation du bétail dans le sous-continent. Cet article prend comme étude de cas détaillée les stratégies de subsistance des Bushmen ǀXam du Northern Cape (Afrique du Sud) au dix-neuvième siècle, extraites d'une transcription des archives complètes de Bleek et Lloyd. Il traite de la caractérisation par les ǀXam des diverses espèces domestiquées qui partageaient leur paysage Karoo, ainsi que de leurs rapports avec ces espèces, et pose la question de savoir si ces rapports diffèrent sensiblement de leurs conceptions des animaux non domestiqués. S’intéressant ensuite au contexte plus large des interactions des chasseurs-cueilleurs avec les animaux domestiqués, l’article conclut en proposant que pour les ǀXam, la faune domestiquée faisait partie d’un spectre de ressources différenciées, et n’impliquait pas une interaction avec un ensemble totalement étranger de nouvelles exigences.

The period since the late 1980s has yielded a vast body of multidisciplinary literature on mission in southern Africa. Archaeology's contribution to this scholarship, however, has been relatively muted. In introducing this special issue on the archaeology and materiality of mission, we seek to add archaeological voices to this conversation, illustrating where contributors offer novel sources, research themes, and ways of considering encounters with Christianity. Far from simply adding material to fill the gaps left in the historical record, we argue that archaeological perspectives are well-positioned to explore ruptures and continuities through time, the tensions between peoples' imaginations and lived realities, and how Christianity may not always have been 'believed' but was always materialised. Our hope is to spur a more interdisciplinary dialogue that focuses on the intellectual trajectories that archaeologists of mission pursue as much as on the objects that they find.

Representations of hunter-gatherer pasts are often stymied by the difficulties of escaping colonial depictions. Explorations of hunter-gatherer historicity require an understanding of their axes of social differentiation, deployed in processes of persuasion, coercion, and judgement. This article discusses the presentation of the 'monstrous' in the oral literature of the |Xam Bushmen, nineteenth-century hunter-gatherers of the Northern Cape (South Africa). Drawing on the Bleek-Lloyd archive, it examines the characteristics that these people considered emblematic of the grotesque, and discusses the ways in which these figures were deployed to create social pressures enjoining people to behave in particular ways. The article looks at how these notions were used by |Xam individuals to characterize and understand their interactions with an internally differentiated |Xam society, and with non-|Xam groups.

ClojureScript is a compiler from a Clojure-like functional programming language to JavaScript. ClojureScript features deep integration with the Google Closure JavaScript library and whole-program optimizing compiler. ClojureScript brings efficient functional programming to JavaScript environments such as the browser, which are becoming increasingly important components of full-stack Web applications.

Representations of hunter-gatherer pasts are often stymied by the difficulties of escaping colonial depictions. Explorations of hunter-gatherer historicity require an understanding of their axes of social differentiation, deployed in processes of persuasion, coercion, and judgement. This article discusses the presentation of the 'monstrous' in the oral literature of the |X am Bushmen, nineteenth-century hunter-gatherers of the Northern Cape (South Africa). Drawing on the Bleek-Lloyd archive, it examines the characteristics that these people considered emblematic of the grotesque, and discusses the ways in which these figures were deployed to create social pressures enjoining people to behave in particular ways. The article looks at how these notions were used by |X am individuals to characterize and understand their interactions with an internally differentiated |X am society, and with non-|X am groups. (Author abstract)

Representations of hunter-gatherer pasts are often stymied by the difficulties of escaping colonial depictions. Explorations of hunter-gatherer historicity require an understanding of their axes of social differentiation, deployed in processes of persuasion, coercion, and judgement. This article discusses the presentation of the 'monstrous' in the oral literature of the |Xam Bushmen, nineteenth-century hunter-gatherers of the Northern Cape (South Africa). Drawing on the BleekLloyd archive, it examines the characteristics that these people considered emblematic of the grotesque, and discusses the ways in which these figures were deployed to create social pressures enjoining people to behave in particular ways. The article looks at how these notions were used by |Xam individuals to characterize and understand their interactions with an internally differentiated |Xam society, and with non-|Xam groups. Adapted from the source document.